Acetic acidYaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-Acoh, iqanjwe ngemuva kokuba isithako esiyinhloko sikaviniga, futhi ingelinye lamafutha afuywayo abaluleke kakhulu. Uhlobo lwamahhala ngokwemvelo luvame ukuba khona ezitshalweni eziningi. Molecular ch3cooh. Ukwehlukana nokusetshenziswa kukaviniga kunomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyaka. E-china yasendulo, kwaqoshwa ngoviniga. Kepha i-acetic acid egxilile ibiyi-chemical ephumelele eyenziwe nguStahl ngo-1700. I-Pure acetic acid iluketshezi olungenamibala futhi linokunambitheka okucasulayo. Iphuzu lokuncibilikisa lingu-16.6 ° C, iphuzu elibilayo lingu-117.9 ° C, kanye nobuningi obuhlobene ngu-1.049 (20/4 ° C). Incibilika emanzini, ethanol, glycerin, ether kanye nekhabhoni chloride; insoluble e-carbonide. Amakhilithi wamanzi we-water -free aquatic ahlanganiswe abe yi-Ice -Aped, elaziwa ngokuthi i-Ice acetic acid. Iyakhuthaza. Kuyinto ebuthakathaka futhi i-organic acid, i-acidicity of acid, futhi ingadala ukusabela kokungezelela ngotshwala.
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:Acetic acid(Acoh) yi-mono-buse boonce-abicid. Inezakhiwo zesimo sama-carboxylic acid. Iphendula ngezinsimbi ezithile, insimbi oxides kanye ne-hydroxides ukwakha usawoti. Ama-acid amaningi e-acetic asetshenziswa ngokubalulekile. Isisekelo se-Feric Acetate [FE (C2H3OO) 6OH (OOCHCH3) 2] no [Fe3 (C2H3OO) 6 (OOCHCH) 2 (OOCCH3)] kanye ne-Holy Acetate basetshenziswa njenge-mordant, futhi i-acetate ye-Ferrous yayisetshenziselwa ukuphrinta. Aceli acid notshwala baye kwathiwa. Ukuchazwa nakho kungenziwa nge-hydrocarbon engafakwanga ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst. I-Alpha-hydrogen ingathathelwa indawo ngama-halogens; Kanye ne-formaldehyde ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, emugqeni wamakhemikhali we-Alcohol Aldehyde Complensation; Lapho i-nitric acid i-nitrated in acetic acid, ingathuthukiswa ngamanani we-nitring. Ukuphendula ngeBenzoyl Chloride, i-acetyl chloride ne-benzoic acid kungakhiwa. I-acetic acid ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokutholwa okubalulekile, okufana ne-methyl acetate, ethyl ester, i-propl ester, njll., Njll. I-Cellulose Acetate, ekhiqizwa ukuxhumana kwe-acetic anhydride ne-cellulose, kungasetshenziswa ukwenza ifilimu, upende wokufafaza namapulasitiki ahlukahlukene. I-Carboxymethyl celtulese ingalungiswa yi-chlororoacetic acid. I-Vinyl Acetate ekhiqizwa nge-acetic acid ne-acetylene izinto ezibalulekile eziluhlaza zokuhlanganiswa kwezidakamizwa, udayi kanye nezinongo, kanye ne-solvent ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwenjoloba. I-acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni nasekuhlonhleni kwe-organic.
Inkambu yesicelo
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimboni
1. Acetic acidIngabe umkhiqizo omkhulu wamakhemikhali futhi ungomunye wama-organi acid abaluleke kakhulu. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-ethini, ethyls kanye ne-ethyl acetate. I-Polyetate Ethyl Ester ingenziwa ngefilimu nokunamathela, futhi nakho kuyinto eluhlaza ye-fiber velun yokwenziwa. I-ETYL acetic acid cellulose ingenza amafilimu okufakelwa kanye namafilimu wefilimu.
2 Ngoba izinto eziningi ze-organic ezincibilikisa i-acetic acid, i-acetic acid ivame ukusetshenziswa izixazululo ze-organic (ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-acidic acid acid acid acid).
I-3. I-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izixazululo ezikhethiwe nezibunjiwe, njenge-buffer (njenge-galvanizing kanye ne-nickel plating) ku-electolyte enobuthakathaka ye-accidel -plated elecylte, kanye nokuhamba kwe-zinc ne-cadmium Isixazululo singathuthukisa amandla okubopha sefilimu yokudlula futhi sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula i-PH yepuleti elibuthakathaka acidic.
I-4. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza usawoti wensimbi, njenge-manganese, i-sodium, ukuhola, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt kanye nezinye izinsimbi, ukudaya ukudaya kanye nezimboni zesikhumba. I-FourItic acid ehola i-erganic sontetic reagent (efana ne-tetriitic acid eholwa yi-oxidant eqinile, umthombo we-acetyl oxygen, futhi ulungiselela amakhompiyutha okuhola a-organic, njll.).
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Ukusetshenziswa kokudla
Embonini yokudla,acetic acidisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti e-acidified. Lapho i-ejenti yamanga kanye nesinongo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza uviniga wokwenziwa, i-acetic acid ihlanjululwe ku-4-5%, futhi kufakwa okuhlukahlukene. Eshibhile. Njengomenzeli onama-acid -flavowed, angasetshenziselwa ukuthambisa okuhlanganisiwe. Ilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa uviniga, amathini, i-jelly kanye ushizi. Ungabhala futhi ama-ejenti amakha nge-0.1 ~ 0.3 g / kg.
Ukugcinwa Nokuhamba
Ukugcina izitoreji: gcina endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile, enomoya. Gwema kude nomlilo nokushisa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lesitoreji kufanele ligcinwe ngaphezulu kwe-16 ℃ ukuvikela ukuqina. Gcina isitsha esivaliwe. Kufanele igcinwe ngokwahlukana ne-oxidant ne-alkali, futhi akufanele ixutshwe. Izindawo zokukhanya zokukhanya kanye nomoya omncane zitholwa. Ungasebenzisi imishini emishini namathuluzi athambekele ku-SPARK. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelashwa okuphuthumayo yokuvuza nezinto zokwakha ezifanele.
Ukuphepha Ukuphepha: Lo mkhiqizo uzothunyelwa ngezimoto ze-aluminium tank izimoto ezinikezwe ngamabhizinisi we-aluminium ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwesitimela, kanye nokuvunywa kweminyango efanelekile kuzobikwa ngaphambi kokuthumela. Ukuhanjiswa kwesitimela okungekhona amakhemikhali kuzokwenziwa ngokuqinile nohlu oluyingozi lokupakisha izimpahla ezitolo "Imithetho YezokuThutha Eziyingozi" YoMnyango Wezitimela. Ukupakisha kufanele kuqedwe futhi ukulayisha kufanele kuphephe. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, qiniseka ukuthi isitsha asivuzi, siwa, siwe noma silimaze. Imoto esetshenziswayo (ithangi) esetshenzisiwe kwezokuhamba kufanele ibe neketanga eliyisisekelo, futhi ukwahlukanisa umgodi kungahlelwa emkhombeni ukuze kuncishiswe ugesi okhiqizwayo okhiqizwa ukwethuka. Kuvinjelwe ngokuphelele ukuxubana namakhemikhali we-oxidant, alkali kanye namakhemikhali adliwayo. Ukuhamba ngomgwaqo kufanele kulandele indlela ebekiwe, ungahlali ezindaweni zokuhlala nezinabantu abaningi.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-23-2023