I-Acetic acideyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-ACOH, eqanjwe ngokuba yisithako esiyinhloko seviniga, futhi ingenye yama-fatty acid abaluleke kakhulu. Uhlobo lwe-free in nature luvame ukuba khona ezitshalweni eziningi. I-Molecular CH3COOH. Ukwenziwa nokusetshenziswa kweviniga kunomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyaka. EShayina yasendulo, yaqoshwa kuviniga. Kodwa i-acetic acid egxilile yayiyi-Chemicalbook ephumelelayo eyasungulwa nguStahl ngo-1700. I-acetic acid emsulwa iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi lunokunambitheka okucasulayo. Indawo yokuncibilika ingu-16.6 ° C, indawo yokubila ingu-117.9 ° C, kanti ubuningi obuhlobene bungu-1.049 (20/4 ° C). Incibilika emanzini, i-ethanol, i-glycerin, i-ether kanye ne-carbon chloride; ayincibiliki ku-carbonide. Ama-cricket asemanzini angenamanzi ahlanganiswa abe yiqhwa, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-ice acetic acid. Iyabola. Ibuthakathaka futhi iyi-organic acid, i-acidity ye-asidi, futhi ingabangela ukusabela kwe-esterization ngotshwala.
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:I-Acetic acid(AcOH) iyi-carboxylic acid ebuthakathaka kakhulu. Inezimpawu eziphawulekayo zama-carboxylic acid. Isabela nezinsimbi ezithile, ama-metal oxides nama-hydroxides ukuze yakhe usawoti. Ama-acetic acid amaningi anezinzuzo ezibalulekile. I-acetate ye-ferric eyisisekelo [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] kanye ne-[Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] kanye ne-lead acetate kwasetshenziswa njenge-mordant, kwathi i-ferrous acetate yasetshenziswa ekunyatheliseni. I-acetic acid kanye notshwala kwaqinisekiswa. I-esterification ingenziwa futhi nge-unsaturated hydrocarbon ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst. I-Alpha-hydrogen ingathathelwa indawo yi-halogens; Futhi i-formaldehyde ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, ibe umugqa we-Chemicalbook we-alcohol aldehyde condensation; Lapho i-nitric acid ifakwa i-nitrate ku-acetic acid, izinga le-nitrating lingathuthukiswa. Ukusabela nge-benzoyl chloride, i-acetyl chloride kanye ne-benzoic acid kungakhiwa. I-Acetic acid ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto ezibalulekile, njenge-methyl acetate, i-ethyl ester, i-propyl ester, i-butyl ester, njll., iyi-solvent enhle kakhulu embonini yokugqoka nokupenda. I-Cellulose acetate, ekhiqizwa ngokusebenzisana kwe-acetic anhydride ne-cellulose, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ifilimu, upende wokufutha kanye namapulasitiki ahlukahlukene. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ingalungiswa nge-chloroacetic acid. I-vinyl acetate ekhiqizwa yi-acetic acid kanye ne-acetylene iyinto eluhlaza ebalulekile yokwenziwa kwemithi, udayi nezinongo, kanye ne-solvent ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwerabha. I-Acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye nokwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo.
Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni
1. I-Acetic acidingumkhiqizo omkhulu wamakhemikhali futhi ingenye yama-asidi e-organic abaluleke kakhulu. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza i-ethidine, ama-ethyl kanye ne-ethyl acetate. I-polyetate ethyl ester ingenziwa ibe yifilimu kanye ne-adhesive, futhi iyinto eluhlaza yefayibha yokwenziwa i-Velun. I-ethyl acetic acid cellulose ingenza amafilimu esilika kanye nefilimu yokwenziwa.
2. I-ethyl acetate eyakhiwe utshwala obusezingeni eliphansi iyisinyibilikisi esihle kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yokupenda. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisa i-acetic acid, i-acetic acid nayo ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-organic solvents (isibonelo, ekukhiqizeni i-phenyl acidic acid acidic acid acidic acid acid).
3. I-Acetic acid ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izixazululo ezifakwe emanzini abandayo nezicwebezelisiwe, njenge-buffer (njenge-galvanizing kanye ne-chemical nickel plating) esixazululweni se-weak acid, okungeza izithasiselo ku-hemuminal bright nickel-plated electrolyte, kanye ne-passivation ye-zinc ne-cadmium. Isixazululo singathuthukisa amandla okubopha efilimu ye-passivation futhi sivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula i-pH ye-weak acidic plating.
4. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza usawoti wensimbi, njenge-manganese, i-sodium, i-lead, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt nezinye izinsimbi, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto zokukhulisa, ukudaya indwangu kanye nezimboni zokushiswa kwesikhumba. I-Fouritic acid lead iyi-reagent yokwenziwa ephilayo (njenge-tetraitic acid lead ingasetshenziswa njenge-oxidant enamandla, umthombo we-acetyl oxygen, kanye nokulungiselela ama-organic lead compounds, njll.).
5. I-Acetic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njengezinto zokuhlaziya, ukwakheka kwezinto eziphilayo, ukwakheka kombala kanye nokwakheka kwemithi.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla
Embonini yokudla,i-acetic acidisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ene-acid. Uma i-ejenti yephunga kanye nezinongo zisetshenziswa ukwenza uviniga wokwenziwa, i-acetic acid incibilikiswa ibe ngu-4-5%, bese kwengezwa ukunambitheka okuhlukahlukene. Ishibhile. Njenge-ejenti enambitheka njenge-asidi, ingasetshenziswa ezinongo ezihlanganisiwe. Ilungiselelwe ukusebenzisa uviniga, amathini, ijeli kanye noshizi. Ungakha futhi ama-ejenti ephunga ane-0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Isitoreji kanye nokuthuthwa
Izinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukugcina: Gcina endaweni yokugcina epholile, enomoya. Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lokugcina kufanele ligcinwe ngaphezu kuka-16℃ ukuvimbela ukuqina. Gcina isitsha sivaliwe. Kufanele sigcinwe ngokwehlukana ne-oxidant kanye ne-alkali, futhi akufanele sixutshwe. Kusetshenziswa izibani ezingaqhumi kanye nezindawo zokungenisa umoya. Ungasebenzisi imishini namathuluzi emishini avame ukuba nenhlansi. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo kanye nezinto zokubamba ezifanele.
Izinyathelo Zokuhamba: Lo mkhiqizo uzothunyelwa yizimoto zamathangi e-aluminium ezinikezwa amabhizinisi e-aluminium ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwezitimela, futhi ukuvunyelwa kweminyango efanele kuzobikwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa. Ukuthuthwa kwezitimela okungesisemathinini kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana ngqo nohlu lokupakisha izimpahla eziyingozi "Emithethweni Yokuthutha Izimpahla Eziyingozi" yoMnyango Wezitimela. Ukupakisha kufanele kuqedwe futhi umthwalo kufanele uphephe. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthwa, qiniseka ukuthi isitsha asivuzi, asiwi, asiwi noma sonakale. Imoto yokuthutha (ithangi) esetshenziswa ekuthuthweni kufanele ibe nochungechunge lokufaka umgodi, futhi uqhekeko lwembobo lungahlelwa emhubheni ukuze kuncishiswe ugesi ongashintshi odalwa ukushaqeka. Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuxubana namakhemikhali abangela i-oxidant, i-alkali kanye namakhemikhali adliwayo. Ukuthuthwa komgwaqo kufanele kulandele indlela ebekiwe, ungahlali ezindaweni zokuhlala nezinabantu abaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2023