I-acetic acidngokuvamile eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ACOH, eqanjwe ngokuba yisithako esiyinhloko sikaviniga, futhi ingenye yamafutha acid abaluleke kakhulu.Ifomu lamahhala emvelweni livame ukuba khona ezitshalweni eziningi.I-molecular CH3COOH.Ukuphiswa nokusetshenziswa kukaviniga kunomlando wezinkulungwane zeminyaka.E-China yasendulo, yabhalwa kuviniga.Kodwa i-acetic acid egxilile yayiyi-Chemicalbook ephumelelayo eyakhiwa u-Stahl ngo-1700. I-acetic acid ehlanzekile iwuketshezi olungenambala futhi inokunambitheka okucasulayo.Iphuzu elincibilikayo lingu-16.6 ° C, iphoyinti elibilayo lingu-117.9 ° C, futhi ukuminyana okuhlobene ngu-1.049 (20/4 ° C).Incibilika emanzini, i-ethanol, i-glycerin, i-ether ne-carbon chloride;engancibiliki ku-carbonide.Amakhilikithi angenawo amanzi ahlanganiswa abe yiqhwa, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-ice acetic acid.Okulimazayo.Ibuthakathaka futhi i-organic acid, i-acidicity ye-asidi, futhi ingabangela ukusabela kwe-esterization ngotshwala.
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:I-acetic acid(AcOH) iyi-mono-weak carboxylic acid.Inezici zesici ze-carboxylic acid.Ihlangana nezinsimbi ezithile, i-metal oxides nama-hydroxides ukwenza usawoti.Ama-acetic acid amaningi anokusetshenziswa okubalulekile.I-acetate eyisisekelo ye-ferric [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] kanye ne-[Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] kanye ne-acetate eholayo isetshenziswe njenge-mordant, futhi i-acetate eyi-ferrous yasetshenziselwa ukuphrinta.I-acetic acid kanye ne-alcohol kwafakwa estered.I-Esterification ingenziwa futhi nge-unsaturated hydrocarbon ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst.I-alpha-hydrogen ingathathelwa indawo ama-halogen;Futhi i-formaldehyde ngaphansi kwesenzo se-catalyst, kumugqa we-Chemicalbook we-alcohol aldehyde condensation;Uma i-nitric acid ifakwe ku-acetic acid, izinga le-nitrate lingathuthukiswa.Ukusabela nge-benzoyl chloride, i-acetyl chloride ne-benzoic acid ingakhiwa.I-acetic acid ingasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezibalulekile eziphuma kuzo, njenge-methyl acetate, i-ethyl ester, i-propyl ester, i-butyl ester, njll., iyi-solvent enhle kakhulu embonini yokumboza nopende.I-Cellulose acetate, ekhiqizwa ngokusebenzisana kwe-acetic anhydride ne-cellulose, ingasetshenziswa ukwenza ifilimu, upende wokufutha kanye namapulasitiki ahlukahlukene.I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ingalungiswa nge-chloroacetic acid.I-vinyl acetate ekhiqizwa i-acetic acid ne-acetylene iyinto ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, odayi nezinongo, kanye ne-solvent ebalulekile yokwelashwa kwenjoloba.I-acetic acid idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo.
Inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni
1. I-acetic acidiwumkhiqizo wamakhemikhali omkhulu futhi ingenye yama-asidi e-organic abaluleke kakhulu.Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqiza i-ethidine, i-ethyl ne-ethyl acetate.I-polyetate ethyl ester ingenziwa ibe ifilimu nokunamathisela, futhi iyimpahla eluhlaza ye-synthetic fiber Velun.I-Ethyl acetic acid cellulose ingenza usilika wokwenziwa namafilimu efilimu.
2. I-ethyl acetate eyenziwe ngotshwala obusezingeni eliphansi iyi-solvent enhle kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini kapende.Ngenxa yokuthi izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezincibilikisa i-acetic, i-acetic acid ibuye isetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile izincibilikisi eziphilayo (isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. I-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izixazululo ezifakwe emanzini anosawoti neziphucuziwe, njengesibambiso (njenge-galvanizing kanye ne-chemical nickel plating) esixazululweni se-asidi esibuthakathaka, ukwengeza izithasiselo ku-electrolyte egqamile ye-hemuminal nickel-plated, kanye nokudluliswa kwe-zinc ne-cadmium. isisombululo singathuthukisa amandla okubopha wefilimu ye-passivation futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziselwa ukulawula i-pH ye-acidic plating ebuthakathaka.
4. Isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza usawoti wensimbi, njenge-manganese, i-sodium, i-lead, i-aluminium, i-zinc, i-cobalt nezinye izinsimbi, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu njengama-catalysts, ukudaya kwendwangu kanye nezimboni zokushuka isikhumba.I-Fouritic acid lead iyi-organic synthetic reagent (efana ne-tetraitic acid lead ingasetshenziswa njenge-oxidant eqinile, umthombo we-acetyl oxygen, nokulungisa izinhlanganisela ze-organic lead, njll.).
5. I-acetic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi njengama-reagents okuhlaziya, i-organic synthesis, i-pigment kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwemithi.
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla
Embonini yokudla,i-acetic acidisetshenziswa njenge-ejenti ene-asidi.Lapho i-agent yephunga kanye nezinongo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza uviniga wokwenziwa, i-acetic acid ihlanjululwe ku-4-5%, futhi izinhlobonhlobo zama-flavour zengezwa.Kushibhile.Njenge-ejenti ene-acid-flavored, ingasetshenziselwa izinongo eziyinhlanganisela.Kulungiselelwe ukusebenzisa uviniga, amathini, ijeli noshizi.Ungakwazi futhi ukuqamba ama-agent ephunga ngo-0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.
Isitoreji kanye nezinto zokuhamba
Imithetho yesitoreji: Gcina endaweni epholile, nengena umoya.Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa.Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lokugcina kufanele ligcinwe lingaphezulu kuka-16 ℃ ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqina.Gcina isitsha sivaliwe.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana ne-oxidant ne-alkali, futhi akufanele ixutshwe.Kwamukelwe izindawo zokukhanyisa ezingaqhumi futhi zokungenisa umoya.Ungayisebenzisi imishini namathuluzi ajwayele ukuba nenhlansi.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto zokwelashwa eziphuthumayo ezivuzayo kanye nezinto zokubamba ezifanele.
Izexwayiso zezokuthutha: Lo mkhiqizo uzothunyelwa ngezimoto zamathangi e-aluminium ezihlinzekwa ngamabhizinisi e-aluminium ngesikhathi sokuthutha ngololiwe, futhi ukugunyazwa kweminyango efanele kuzobikwa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.Ukuthuthwa kukaloliwe okungakheniwe kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nohlu lokupakisha izimpahla eziyingozi "Kumithetho Yezokuthutha Eziyingozi" yoMnyango Wezitimela.Ukupakisha kufanele kuphelele futhi ukulayisha kufanele kuphephe.Ngesikhathi sokuthutha, qinisekisa ukuthi isiqukathi asivuzi, asiwi, asiwi noma silimaze.Imoto yomkhombe (ithangi) esetshenziswa ekuthuthweni kufanele ibe neketango eliphansi, futhi ukwahlukanisa imbobo kungahlelwa emkhombeni ukuze kuncishiswe ugesi omile okhiqizwa ukushaqeka.Akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele ukuxubana namakhemikhali e-oxidant, alkali nadliwayo.Ukuthutha emgwaqeni kufanele kulandele umzila onqunyiwe, ungahlali ezindaweni zokuhlala nezinabantu abaningi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-23-2023