Isingeniso esifushane:
I-Aniline, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-aminobenzene, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo enefomula yamakhemikhali i-C6H7N. Iwuketshezi lwamafutha olungenambala oluqala ukubola uma lushiswa lufike ku-370℃. Nakuba luncibilika kancane emanzini, i-aniline incibilika kalula ku-ethanol, i-ether, nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikayo. Le nhlanganisela inezinhlobo eziningi zezicelo, okwenza ibe ngelinye lama-amine abaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukene.
Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali:
Ubuningi: 1.022g/cm3
Indawo yokuncibilika: -6.2℃
Iphuzu lokubila: 184℃
Iphuzu le-Flash: 76℃
Inkomba yokubuka: 1.586 (20℃)
Ukubukeka: Uketshezi olukhanyayo olungenambala kuya kophuzi olukhanyayo
Ukuncibilika: kuncibilika kancane emanzini, kuncibilika ku-ethanol, i-ether, ne-benzene
Isicelo:
Enye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa i-aniline ekukhiqizeni udayi. Amandla ayo okwenza amakhemikhali anombala uma ihlanganiswa namanye amakhemikhali ayenza ibe yindawo ekahle yokukhiqiza udayi ophilayo nohlala isikhathi eside. Udayi we-aniline usetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izindwangu, ipulasitiki, kanye nezimpahla zesikhumba. Ngokusebenzisa udayi osekelwe ku-aniline, abakhiqizi bangafinyelela uhla oluhlukahlukene lwemibala emelana nokufiphala, baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo igcina ukubukeka kwayo okubonakalayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aniline idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithi kanye nemithi. Njengesakhi esakhayo esiguquguqukayo kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo, i-aniline isebenza njengesiqalo sokuhlanganiswa kwemithi eminingi. Izinkampani zemithi zithembele ezintweni ezisuselwa ku-aniline ukudala imithi yezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Amandla okushintsha isakhiwo se-aniline avumela abacwaningi ukuthi bathuthukise imithi enemiphumela yokwelapha efiselekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aniline isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-resin. Ama-resin abalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwepulasitiki, izinti zokunamathisela, kanye nokwemboza. Ngokufaka i-aniline ekwakhiweni kwe-resin, abakhiqizi bathuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, kanye nokuguquguquka komkhiqizo wokugcina. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelana nezimo ezidinga isikhathi eside futhi zinikeze isikhathi eside.
Ukuguquguquka kwe-Aniline kudlulela ngale kwamadayi, izidakamizwa, kanye nama-resin. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengesisheshisi se-raber vulcanization. Imikhiqizo yerabha, njengamathayi namabhande okuhambisa, idinga i-vulcanization ukuze ithuthukise amandla ayo kanye nokuqina kwayo. I-Aniline isiza ekusheshiseni inqubo ye-vulcanization, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwerabha kube ngcono kakhulu. Ngokufaka i-aniline njengesisheshisi, abakhiqizi banganciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi iyonke yemikhiqizo yerabha.
Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezimboni, i-aniline ingasetshenziswa futhi njengodayi omnyama uqobo. Lesi sici siyenza ifiseleke emikhakheni eyahlukene yobuciko nobuciko. Abaculi nabadwebi bangasebenzisa i-aniline ukudala imibala emnyama ejulile enezela umehluko, ukujula, kanye nokuceba ezintweni abazidalile. Umbala wayo ojulile kanye nokuhambisana kwayo nezindlela ezahlukene kuvumela ukuvezwa kobuciko kanye nokuhlola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezisuselwa ku-aniline, njenge-methyl orange, zisetshenziswa njengezinkomba kuma-titration e-acid-base. Lezi zinkomba zibalulekile ekunqumeni indawo yokugcina yokuhlolwa kwe-titration, ukuqinisekisa ukulinganisa okunembile. I-Methyl orange, etholakala ku-aniline, ishintsha umbala lapho i-pH yesisombululo ifinyelela ibanga elithile. Lokhu kuvumela ososayensi nosokhemisi ukuthi baqaphe futhi bahlaziye ngokunembile ukusabela okwenzeka ngesikhathi se-titration.
Ukupakisha komkhiqizo:200kg/isigubhu
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusebenza:Ukusebenza okuvaliwe, kuhlinzeka ngomoya owanele wokukhipha umoya endaweni. Ukusebenza ngomshini nangokuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka. Abaqhubi kumele baqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi balandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza. Kunconywa ukuthi umqhubi agqoke imaski yegesi yokuhlunga (imaski eyingxenye), izibuko zokuvikela zokuphepha, izingubo zomsebenzi zokuzivikela, namagilavu amelana namafutha enjoloba. Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa. Akukho ukubhema endaweni yokusebenza. Sebenzisa izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezingaqhumi kanye nemishini. Kuvimbela umusi ukuthi ungangeni emoyeni wendawo yokusebenza. Gwema ukuthintana nama-oxidants nama-acid. Lapho uphatha, ukulayisha nokukhipha okuncane kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo emaphaketheni nasezitsheni. Kuhlonyiswe ngezinhlobonhlobo ezifanele kanye nenani lemishini yomlilo kanye nemishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo. Izitsha ezingenalutho zingaba nezinsalela eziyingozi.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokugcina:Gcina endaweni yokugcina izinto epholile, enomoya opholile. Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa. Izinga lokushisa ledamu akumele lidlule ku-30℃, futhi umswakama ohlobene akumele udlule ku-80%. Gcina kude nokukhanya. Iphakethe kufanele livalwe futhi lingathintani nomoya. Kufanele ligcinwe ngokwehlukana nama-oxidants, ama-acids namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi akufanele lixutshwe. Lihlonyiswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene kanye nenani lemishini yomlilo ehambisanayo. Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe imishini yokwelapha ephuthumayo evuzayo kanye nezinto zokuvimbela ezifanele.
Ngamafuphi, i-aniline iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ehlukahlukene enezicelo eziningi ezimbonini ezahlukene. Kusukela kudayi nezidakamizwa kuya ekukhiqizweni kwerabha kanye nemizamo yobuciko, ukubaluleka kwe-aniline akunakuncishiswa. Amandla ayo okwenza amakhemikhali anemibala, asebenze njengesisekelo sokwakha imithi, futhi asebenze njengesisheshisi se-vulcanization kuyenza ibe yinto ewusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengodayi omnyama kanye nesibonakaliso se-acid-base kugqamisa ububanzi obuhlukahlukene bezicelo ze-aniline. Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuthuthuka, i-aniline ngokungangabazeki izohlala iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni zayo kanye nemikhiqizo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-03-2023