Isingeniso esifushane:
I-Aniline, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-aminobenzene, iyinhlanganisela ye-organic ene-chemical formula C6H7N.Iwuketshezi lukawoyela olungenambala oluqala ukubola uma lushisiswe lube ngu-370℃.Nakuba incibilika kancane emanzini, i-aniline incibilika kalula ku-ethanol, i-ether, nezinye izincibilikisi eziphilayo.Le nhlanganisela inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo, okwenza ibe enye yama-amine abaluleke kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.
Izakhiwo zomzimba namakhemikhali:
Ukuminyana: 1.022g/cm3
Indawo yokuncibilika: -6.2℃
Indawo yokubilisa: 184 ℃
Iphoyinti elikhanyayo: 76℃
Inkomba ye-Refractive: 1.586 (20℃)
Ukubukeka: Uketshezi olukhanyayo olungenambala ukuya kokuphuzi olukhanyayo
Ukunyibilika: kuncibilika kancane emanzini, kuncibilika ku-ethanol, ether, benzene
Isicelo:
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu i-aniline ekwenzeni odayi.Ikhono layo lokwenza izinhlanganisela ezinemibala lapho lihlanganiswa namanye amakhemikhali liyenza ibe ilungele ukukhiqiza odayi abanamandla nabahlala isikhathi eside.Odayi be-aniline basetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa izindwangu, amapulasitiki, nempahla yesikhumba.Ngokusebenzisa odayi abasuselwa ku-aniline, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukuzuza uhla oluhlukahlukene lwemibala olumelana nokufiphala, baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo igcina ukukhanga kwayo okubonakalayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwengeza, i-aniline idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwemithi nemithi.Njengebhulokhi yokwakha eguquguqukayo kumakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo, i-aniline isebenza njengesiqalo sokuhlanganiswa kwemithi eminingi.Izinkampani ezenza imithi zithembele kokuphuma kwe-aniline ukuze zenze imithi yezimo ezihlukahlukene zezokwelapha.Ikhono lokushintsha ukwakheka kwe-aniline livumela abacwaningi ukuthi bathuthukise imithi enemiphumela yokwelapha efiselekayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aniline ithola ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-resin.Ama-resin abalulekile ekukhiqizeni amapulasitiki, izinto zokunamathisela, kanye nama-coatings.Ngokuhlanganisa i-aniline ekwakhiweni kwenhlaka, abakhiqizi bathuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, nokuguquguquka komkhiqizo wokugcina.Lokhu kwenza ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezingamelana nezimo ezinzima futhi zinikeze impilo ende.
Ukusebenzisa izinto ezihlukahlukene kuka-Aniline kudlulela ngalé kodayi, izidakamizwa, nama-resin.Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-accelerator ye-rubber vulcanization.Imikhiqizo yenjoloba, njengamasondo namabhande okuthutha, idinga ukuvuthwa ukuze ithuthukise amandla nokunwebeka kwayo.I-Aniline isiza ekusheshiseni inqubo ye-vulcanization, okwenza ukukhiqizwa kwenjoloba kusebenze kahle.Ngokuhlanganisa i-aniline njenge-accelerator, abakhiqizi banganciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi yonke yemikhiqizo yenjoloba.
Ngaphezu kwezicelo zayo zezimboni, i-aniline ingasetshenziswa futhi njengodayi omnyama ngokwawo.Lesi sakhiwo sisenza sifiseleke emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezobuciko nezokudala.Amaciko nezingcweti zingasebenzisa i-aniline ukuze bakhe imibala emnyama ejulile enezela ukugqama, ukujula, nokunotha ekudaleni kwabo.Umbala wayo oqinile kanye nokuhambisana nezisetshenziswa ezihlukene kuvumela ukuvezwa kobuciko nokuhlola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuphuma ku-aniline, okufana ne-methyl orange, kuthola ukusetshenziswa njengezinkomba ku-acid-base titration.Lezi zinkomba zibalulekile ekunqumeni isiphetho sokuhlolwa kwe-titration, ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso ezinembile.I-Methyl orange, etholakala ku-aniline, ishintsha umbala lapho i-pH yesisombululo ifinyelela ebangeni elithile.Lokhu kuvumela ososayensi nosokhemisi ukuthi baqaphe ngokunembile futhi bahlaziye ukusabela okwenzekayo ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwemibhalo.
Ukupakishwa komkhiqizo:200kg/isigubhu
Izinyathelo zokuphepha:ukusebenza okuvaliwe, hlinzeka ngendawo yokukhipha umoya owanele.Ukusebenza ngomshini futhi okuzenzakalelayo ngangokunokwenzeka.Ama-operators kumele aqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile futhi alandele ngokuqinile izinqubo zokusebenza.Kutuswa ukuthi opharetha agqoke imaski yegesi yokuhlunga (imaski enguhhafu), izibuko zokuvikela ukuphepha, izingubo zokusebenza ezivikelayo, namagilavu amelana nowoyela enjoloba.Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa.Akubhenywa emsebenzini.Sebenzisa amasistimu nemishini yokungenisa umoya engaqhumi.Ivimbela isitimu ekungeneni komoya endaweni yokusebenza.Gwema ukuthintana nama-oxidants nama-asidi.Lapho uphatha, ukulayishwa okulula kanye nokuthulula kufanele kwenziwe ukuvimbela ukulimala kokupakisha neziqukathi.Ifakwe izinhlobonhlobo ezihambisanayo kanye nenani lamathuluzi omlilo kanye nemishini yokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo evuzayo.Iziqukathi ezingenalutho zingase zibe nezinsalela eziyingozi.
Imithetho yesitoreji:Gcina endaweni epholile, engenisa umoya.Gcina kude nomlilo nokushisa.Izinga lokushisa le-reservoir akufanele lidlule i-30 ℃, futhi umswakama ohlobene akufanele udlule u-80%.Gcina kude nokukhanya.Iphakheji kufanele ivalwe futhi ingaxhumani nomoya.Kufanele igcinwe ngokuhlukana nama-oxidants, ama-asidi namakhemikhali adliwayo, futhi akufanele ihlanganiswe.Ifakwe izinhlobonhlobo ezihambisanayo kanye nenani lamathuluzi omlilo.Indawo yokugcina kufanele ifakwe izinto ezivuzayo zokwelapha izimo eziphuthumayo kanye nezinto ezifanele zokuvikela.
Ngamafuphi, i-aniline iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo esebenza ngezindlela eziningi esebenza ngezindlela eziningi ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene.Kusukela kumadayi nezidakamizwa kuya ekukhiqizweni kwenjoloba kanye nemizamo yobuciko, ukubaluleka kwe-aniline ngeke kubukelwe phansi.Ikhono layo lokwenza izinhlanganisela ezimibalabala, lisebenza njengesakhiwo semithi, futhi lisebenze njenge-vulcanization accelerator liyenza ibe into ebalulekile.Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengodayi omnyama kanye nenkomba ye-acid-base igqamisa uhla oluhlukahlukene lwezicelo ze-aniline.Njengoba izimboni ziqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha futhi zithuthuka, i-aniline ngokungangabazeki izohlala iyingxenye ebalulekile ezinqubweni nasemikhiqizweni yazo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-03-2023