Ngo-2025, imboni yokugqoka iyashesha ifinyelele imigomo emibili "yokuguqulwa okuluhlaza" kanye "nokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza." Emasimini okugqoka aphezulu njengezimoto kanye nezokuthutha ngesitimela, ukugqoka okuhamba ngamanzi kushintshe kusuka "ezinye izinketho" kuya "ezikhethweni ezijwayelekile" ngenxa yokukhishwa kwawo okuphansi kwe-VOC, ukuphepha, kanye nokungabi nobuthi. Kodwa-ke, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezimo ezinzima zokusetshenziswa (isb., umswakama ophezulu kanye nokugqwala okunamandla) kanye nezidingo eziphakeme zabasebenzisi zokuqina nokusebenza kokugqoka, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe ekugqokeni okuhamba ngamanzi kwe-polyurethane (WPU) kuyaqhubeka ngesivinini. Ngo-2025, ukusungula izinto ezintsha embonini ekwenzeni ngcono ifomula, ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, kanye nomklamo osebenzayo kufake amandla amasha kulo mkhakha.
Ukujulisa Uhlelo Oluyisisekelo: Kusukela “Kulungiselelwa Izilinganiso” Kuya “Ebhalansini Yokusebenza”
Njengomholi wokusebenza phakathi kwezembozo zamanje ezithwala amanzi, i-polyurethane ethwala amanzi enezingxenye ezimbili (WB 2K-PUR) ibhekene nenselele eyinhloko: ukulinganisa isilinganiso kanye nokusebenza kwezinhlelo ze-polyol. Kulo nyaka, amaqembu ocwaningo enze ukuhlola okujulile ngemiphumela yokusebenzisana kwe-polyether polyol (PTMEG) kanye ne-polyester polyol (P1012).
Ngokwesiko, i-polyester polyol ithuthukisa amandla omshini wokumboza kanye nobuningi ngenxa yezibopho ze-hydrogen eziphakathi kwamamolekyuli, kodwa ukwengeza ngokweqile kunciphisa ukumelana kwamanzi ngenxa yokuqina kwamanzi kwamaqembu e-ester. Ukuhlolwa kuqinisekisile ukuthi lapho i-P1012 ibala u-40% (g/g) wohlelo lwe-polyol, "ibhalansi yegolide" iyafinyelelwa: izibopho ze-hydrogen zandisa ubuningi be-crosslink ngokomzimba ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi ngokweqile, okwenza ngcono ukusebenza okuphelele kwengubo—kufaka phakathi ukumelana nosawoti, ukumelana namanzi, kanye namandla okudonsa. Lesi siphetho sinikeza isiqondiso esicacile sokuklama ifomula eyisisekelo ye-WB 2K-PUR, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezifana ne-chassis yezimoto kanye nezingxenye zensimbi zesitimela ezidinga kokubili ukusebenza komshini kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
"Ukuhlanganisa Ukuqina Nokuguquguquka": Ukuguqulwa Kwamakhemikhali Kuvula Imingcele Emisha Yokusebenza
Nakuba ukulungiswa kwesilinganiso okuyisisekelo “kuwukulungiswa okuhle,” ukuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali kumelela “igxathu elifanele” le-polyurethane etholakala emanzini. Izindlela ezimbili zokuguqulwa zivelele kulo nyaka:
Indlela 1: Ukuthuthukiswa Kokubambisana Nge-Polysiloxane kanye Ne-Terpene Derivatives
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-polysiloxane enamandla aphansi (PMMS) kanye ne-hydrophobic terpene derivatives kunikeza i-WPU izakhiwo ezimbili "ze-superhydrophobicity + ukuqina okuphezulu." Abacwaningi balungisa i-polysiloxane eqediwe yi-hydroxyl (PMMS) besebenzisa i-3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane kanye ne-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, base befaka i-isobornyl acrylate (i-derivative ye-biomass-derived camphene) kumaketanga aseceleni e-PMMS nge-UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction ukuze kwakhiwe i-polysiloxane esekelwe kwi-terpene (PMMS-I).
I-WPU eguquliwe ibonise ukuthuthuka okumangalisayo: i-engeli yokuxhumana namanzi anganyakazi ikhuphuke isuka ku-70.7° yaya ku-101.2° (isondela ku-superhydrophobicity efana neqabunga le-lotus), ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwehle kusuka ku-16.0% kwaya ku-6.9%, kanti amandla okuthamba akhuphuke kusuka ku-4.70MPa kuya ku-8.82MPa ngenxa yesakhiwo sendandatho ye-terpene eqinile. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-thermogravimetric kuphinde kwembule ukuzinza okuthuthukisiwe kokushisa. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza isisombululo esihlanganisiwe "esingangcolisi + esingamelani nesimo sezulu" sezingxenye zangaphandle zokuhamba kwesitimela njengamaphaneli ophahla neziketi eziseceleni.
Indlela 2: Ukuxhumanisa nge-Polyimine Kuvumela Ubuchwepheshe "Bokuziphilisa"
Ukuziphilisa sekuvele njengobuchwepheshe obudumile ekugqokeni, futhi ucwaningo lwalo nyaka luhlanganise nokusebenza kwemishini ye-WPU ukuze kufezwe impumelelo ephindwe kabili “ekusebenzeni okuphezulu + ikhono lokuziphilisa.” I-WPU exhumene ne-crosslinked eyenziwe nge-polybutylene glycol (PTMG), i-isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), kanye ne-polyimine (PEI) njenge-crosslinker ibonise izakhiwo ezimangalisayo zemishini: amandla okudonsa angu-17.12MPa kanye nokwelulwa lapho kuphuka okungu-512.25% (cishe ukuguquguquka kwerabha).
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ikwazi ukuziphilisa ngokugcwele emahoreni angama-24 ku-30°C—ilulama ibe amandla okudonseka angu-3.26MPa kanye nobude obungu-450.94% ngemva kokulungiswa. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezivame ukuklwebheka njengezibhampa zezimoto kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi zesitimela, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokulungisa.
"Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile Kwe-Nanoscale": "Inguquko Yomphezulu" Yezimbozo Ezingangcolisi
Ukulwa ne-graffiti kanye nokuhlanza okulula kuyizidingo ezibalulekile zezingubo zokugqoka eziphezulu. Kulo nyaka, ingubo engangcolisi (NP-GLIDE) esekelwe “kuma-nanopool e-PDMS afana noketshezi” idonsele ukunaka. Isimiso sayo esiyinhloko sihilela ukuxhunyelelwa kwamaketanga aseceleni e-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) emgogodleni we-polyol ohlakazeka ngamanzi nge-graft copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, okwakha “ama-nanopool” amancane kunobubanzi obungu-30nm.
Ukucebisa nge-PDMS kula ma-nanopool kunikeza isembozo indawo “efana noketshezi”—zonke izinhlayiya zokuhlola ezinomfutho wobuso ongaphezu kuka-23mN/m (isb., ikhofi, amabala kawoyela) ziyashelela ngaphandle kokushiya amamaki. Naphezu kobunzima obungu-3H (cishe nengilazi evamile), isembozo sigcina ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokulwa nokungcola.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphakanyiswa isu lokulwa ne-graffiti "eliyisithiyo somzimba + ukuhlanza okuncane": ukwethula i-IPDI trimer ku-polyisocyanate esekelwe ku-HDT ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubuningi befilimu futhi kuvinjelwe ukungena kwe-graffiti, kuyilapho kulawulwa ukufuduka kwezingxenye ze-silicone/fluorine ukuqinisekisa amandla aphansi ahlala isikhathi eside. Kuhlanganiswe ne-DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) yokulawula ubuningi be-crosslink kanye ne-XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) yokuchaza ukufuduka kwe-interface, lobu buchwepheshe bulungele ukwenziwa kwezimboni futhi kulindeleke ukuthi bube yindlela entsha yokulwa nokungcola kopende wezimoto kanye ne-3C casings yomkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Ngo-2025, ubuchwepheshe bokumboza be-WPU busuka "ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza okukodwa" buye "ekuhlanganisweni kwemisebenzi eminingi." Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwefomula okuyisisekelo, ukuthuthuka kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali, noma ukusungula izinto ezintsha, umqondo oyinhloko ujikeleza ekuxhumaniseni "ubungane bemvelo" kanye "nokusebenza okuphezulu." Ezimbonini ezifana nokuhamba kwezimoto kanye nezitimela, lokhu kuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe akugcini nje ngokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kokugqoka futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokulungisa kodwa futhi kuqhuba ukuthuthukiswa okubili "ekukhiqizeni okuluhlaza" kanye "nolwazi lomsebenzisi oluphezulu."
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-14-2025