Ukuqinisa imithethonqubo yezemvelo yomhlaba wonke kuyayiguqula indlela imboni ye-perchloroethylene (PCE) ebukeka ngayo. Izinyathelo zomthetho ezimakethe ezinkulu ezifaka phakathi i-China, i-US, kanye ne-EU zisebenzisa ukulawula okugcwele okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokulahla, okuqhuba imboni ngezinguquko ezinkulu ekuhleleni kabusha izindleko, ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe, kanye nokwehluka kwemakethe.
Kusungulwe isikhathi esicacile esinqunyiwe ezingeni lenqubomgomo. I-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ikhiphe umthetho wokugcina ekupheleni kuka-2024, iyalela ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokusetshenziswa kwe-PCE ekuhlanzeni okomile ngemuva kukaDisemba 2034. Imishini yokuhlanza okomile ephelelwe yisikhathi yesizukulwane sesithathu izosuswa kusukela ngo-2027, kanti yi-NASA kuphela ezogcina ukukhululwa kwezicelo eziphuthumayo. Izinqubomgomo zasekhaya zithuthukisiwe ngasikhathi sinye: I-PCE ihlukaniswa njengemfucuza eyingozi (HW41), kanti isilinganiso samahora angu-8 sokuhlushwa ngaphakathi endlini sinqunyelwe ngokuqinile ku-0.12mg/m³. Amadolobha ayishumi nanhlanu abalulekile afaka phakathi iBeijing neShanghai azosebenzisa amazinga aqinile e-VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) ngo-2025, adinga okuqukethwe komkhiqizo okungu-≤50ppm.
Izinqubomgomo zikhuphule ngqo izindleko zokuthobela imithetho yebhizinisi. Abahlanzi bemishini yokuhlanza kumele bashintshe imishini evulekile, ngezindleko zokuvuselela isitolo esisodwa ezisukela ku-50,000 kuya ku-100,000 yuan; amabhizinisi angalandeli imithetho abhekene nezinhlawulo zama-yuan angu-200,000 kanye nezingozi zokuvalwa. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza anikezwe igunya lokufaka amadivayisi okuqapha ama-VOC ngesikhathi sangempela, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okukodwa okungaphezu kwe-yuan eyisigidi esisodwa, kanti izindleko zokuthobela imithetho yezemvelo manje zingaphezu kuka-15% wezindleko eziphelele. Izindleko zokulahla imfucuza ziphindaphindekile: imali yokulahla i-PCE esetshenzisiwe ifinyelela kuma-yuan angu-8,000 kuya ku-12,000 ngethani, okuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-5-8 kunemfucuza evamile. Izindawo zokukhiqiza ezifana neShandong zisebenzise izindleko ezengeziwe zikagesi zamabhizinisi ahluleka ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zokusebenzisa kahle amandla.
Isakhiwo semboni sisheshisa ukuhlukahluka, kanti ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kuba yinto ebalulekile ekusindeni. Ngasohlangothini lokukhiqiza, ubuchwepheshe obufana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-membrane kanye ne-catalysis ethuthukisiwe buye bandisa ubumsulwa bomkhiqizo baba ngaphezu kuka-99.9% ngenkathi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30%. Amabhizinisi ahola phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ajabulela inzuzo engama-12-15% ephakeme kunalawo ajwayelekile. Umkhakha wohlelo lokusebenza ubonisa ukuthambekela "kokugcina okuphezulu, ukuphuma okuphansi": 38% wezitolo zokuhlanza ezomile ezincane neziphakathi nendawo zihoxile ngenxa yengcindezi yezindleko, kuyilapho izinhlobo ze-chain ezifana ne-Weishi zizuze inzuzo ngezinhlelo zokubuyisa ezihlanganisiwe. Okwamanje, amasimu aphezulu njengokukhiqiza izinto zikagesi kanye nama-electrolyte amasha wamandla agcina u-30% wesabelo semakethe ngenxa yezidingo zokusebenza.
Ukuthengiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukile kuyashesha, okucindezela kakhulu imakethe yendabuko. Izinyibilikisi ze-hydrocarbon, ezinezindleko zokuvuselela eziphakathi kuka-50,000 no-80,000 yuan, zifinyelele isabelo semakethe esingu-25% ngo-2025 futhi zifanelekela uxhaso lukahulumeni olungama-20-30%. Naphezu kokutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kwemishini engu-800,000 yuan ngeyunithi ngayinye, ukuhlanza okomile kwe-CO₂ okuwuketshezi kubone ukukhula kokungena kwaminyaka yonke okungu-25% ngenxa yezinzuzo zokungangcolisi nhlobo. Uwoyela we-solvent wemvelo we-D30 unciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-VOCs ngo-75% ekuhlanzeni kwezimboni, kanti isikali semakethe sidlula ama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-5 ngo-2025.
Usayizi wemakethe kanye nesakhiwo sokuhweba kuyashintsha ngasikhathi sinye. Isidingo se-PCE sasekhaya sincipha ngo-8-12% minyaka yonke, kanti intengo ejwayelekile kulindeleke ukuthi yehle iye kuma-yuan angu-4,000 ngethani ngo-2025. Kodwa-ke, amabhizinisi anciphise izikhala zasekhaya ngokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni aseBelt and Road, kanti umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ukhuphuke ngo-91.32% unyaka nonyaka ngoJanuwari-Meyi 2025. Ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kuya emikhiqizweni ephezulu: engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2025, ukukhula kwenani lokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe (31.35%) kudlule kakhulu ukukhula kwenani (11.11%), kanti ngaphezu kuka-99% wemikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi ephezulu isathembele ekuthunyelweni okuvela eJalimane.
Esikhathini esifushane, ukuhlanganiswa kwemboni kuzoqina; esikhathini esiphakathi kuya kweside, kuzovela iphethini "yokugxila okuphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa okuluhlaza". Kulindeleke ukuthi ama-30% ezitolo zokuhlanza ezomile ezincane neziphakathi nendawo azophuma ekupheleni kuka-2025, futhi amandla okukhiqiza azoncishiswa kusuka kumathani angu-350,000 kuya kumathani angu-250,000. Amabhizinisi ahamba phambili azogxila emikhiqizweni enenani eliphezulu njenge-PCE yezinga le-elekthronikhi ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kanye nenani lebhizinisi le-solvent eluhlaza likhula kancane kancane.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 11-2025