I-Ethylene glycol (EG), ikhemikhali eliyisisekelo ekukhiqizweni kwe-polyester, ukwakheka kwe-antifreeze, kanye nama-resin ezimboni, ibona intuthuko eguqukayo eqhutshwa yizidingo zokusimama kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Izinto ezintsha zakamuva ezindleleni zokukhiqiza, izibuyekezo zomthetho, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zishintsha indima yayo emkhakheni wamakhemikhali womhlaba wonke.
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kokwenziwa Okuluhlaza
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwe-catalytic iguqula ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene glycol. Abacwaningi e-Asia bathuthukise i-catalyst entsha esekelwe ethusi eguqula i-syngas (ingxube ye-hydrogen ne-carbon monoxide) ngqo ibe yi-ethylene glycol ngokukhetha okungu-95%, idlula ama-intermediate e-ethylene oxide avamile. Le ndlela inciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-30% futhi inciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO₂ ngamathani angu-1.2 ngethani le-EG elikhiqizwayo.
Le nqubo, manje esesivivinyweni sokuhlola, ihambisana nemigomo yomhlaba wonke yokususa i-carbonization futhi ingaphazamisa imizila yokukhiqiza evamile encike ezinsaleleni. Uma ilinganiswa, ingenza izitshalo ze-ethylene glycol zihlangane kahle nezinhlelo zokubamba i-carbon, zibeke i-EG “njengekhemikhali eluhlaza” engaba khona ezintanjeni zokuhlinzeka eziyindilinga.
2. I-Ethylene Glycol Esekelwe Ebhayoloji Ithola Ukudonsa
Phakathi kokukhula kwesidingo sezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, i-ethylene glycol esekelwe ku-bio etholakala kumoba noma isitashi sommbila iyavela njengendlela engcono. Isinyathelo esihlanganyelwe sakamuva eNingizimu Melika sibonise ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukubilisa imfucuza yezolimo ibe yi-monoethylene glycol (MEG) nge-carbon footprint ephansi ngo-40% kune-equivalents esekelwe ku-petroleum.
Imboni yezindwangu, ewumthengi omkhulu we-EG, iqhuba i-bio-MEG ekukhiqizweni kwefayibha ye-polyester, ngemiphumela yokuqala ebonisa amandla okunamathela afanayo kanye nokuhambisana kodayi. Izikhuthazo zomthetho, njenge-Renewable Carbon Initiative ye-EU, ziyasheshisa ukwamukelwa, yize izinselelo eziphathelene nokukhula kwe-feedstock kanye nokulingana kwezindleko ziyaqhubeka.
3. Ukuhlolwa Kwemithetho Ngokusebenzisa Kabusha Kwe-EG
Ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngokuqhubeka kwe-ethylene glycol endaweni ezungezile kuye kwabangela imithetho eqinile. Ngo-Okthoba 2023, i-US EPA yaphakamisa iziqondiso ezibuyekeziwe zokukhishwa kwamanzi amdaka aqukethe i-EG, yayala izinqubo ze-oxidation ezithuthukisiwe zokonakalisa ama-glycol asele ngaphansi kwama-50 ppm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-European Union ibhala ukubuyekezwa kohlaka lwayo Lokubhalisa, Ukuhlola, Ukugunyazwa, kanye Nokuvinjelwa Kwamakhemikhali (REACH), oludinga abakhiqizi ukuthi bathumele idatha yobuthi bemikhiqizo ye-EG ngo-2025.
Lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukubhekana nezingozi zemvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zemvelo zasemanzini, lapho ukuqongelela kwe-EG kuhlotshaniswa nokuncipha komoya-mpilo ezindaweni zamanzi.
4. Izicelo Ezintsha Esitorejini Samandla
I-Ethylene glycol ithola usizo olungalindelekile ezinhlelweni zokugcina amandla zesizukulwane esilandelayo. Iqembu locwaningo eYurophu lenze i-coolant yebhethri engashisi isebenzisa ingxube yamanzi e-EG eguquliwe, okuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kokushisa kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ngo-25%. Le nhlanganisela, esebenza kahle kusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-150°C, ihlolwa kuma-prototype ezimoto zikagesi kanye namayunithi okugcina egridi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokushintsha isigaba ezisekelwe ku-EG (ama-PCM) ziyathola ukunakwa kokugcinwa kwamandla okushisa kwelanga, kanti izivivinyo zakamuva zithole ukusebenza kahle kokugcinwa kwamandla okungu-92% ngaphezu kwemijikelezo engu-500.
5. Ukuqina Kwe-Supply Chain kanye Nokushintsha Kwesifunda
Ukungezwani kwezepolitiki kanye nobunzima bezokuthutha kukhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene glycol endaweni. Izikhungo ezintsha eMpumalanga Ephakathi naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia zamukela amayunithi okukhiqiza amancane, alungiselelwe ukutholakala kokudla kwendawo, okunciphisa ukuthembela ezitshalweni ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe. Lolu shintsho luhambisana nezinhlelo zokuphatha izinto ezisetshenziswa yi-AI ezinciphisa imfucuza ye-EG emikhakheni engezansi njengokukhiqiza amabhodlela e-PET.
Isiphetho: Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Okunezinhlangothi Eziningi
Umkhakha we-ethylene glycol umi endaweni evulekile, ulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezimboni okugxilile nezidingo eziphuthumayo zokuzinza. Ukusungula izinto ezintsha ekuhlanganiseni okuluhlaza, ezinye izindlela ezisekelwe ku-bio, kanye nokusetshenziswa komnotho ojikelezayo kushintsha kabusha uchungechunge lwawo lwenani, kuyilapho imithetho eqinile igcizelela isidingo semikhuba enesibopho semvelo. Njengoba imboni yamakhemikhali iphendukela ekususeni i-carbonization, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwe-ethylene glycol kuzonquma ukubaluleka kwayo emakethe eshintsha ngokushesha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-07-2025