I-Methylene Chloride (MC), isinyibilikisi esisebenziseka ngezindlela eziningi esisetshenziswa kabanzi kwezemithi, izinamathiseli, kanye nezindlela zokwenziwa kwe-aerosol, sishintsha kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwaso kwezimboni kanye nemithethonqubo. Intuthuko yakamuva ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza, izinqubo zokuphepha kwemvelo, kanye nocwaningo lwezinye izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga kushintsha indlela leli khemikhali elibonwa futhi lisetshenziswa ngayo kuwo wonke amaketanga okuphakelwa komhlaba.
1. Ukuphumelela Ezinhlelweni Zokusebenzisa Kabusha Ezivaliwe
Indlela entsha yokuthola nokusebenzisa kabusha i-dichloromethane ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza ithole ukuthandwa ngo-2023. Yasungulwa yinhlangano yocwaningo yaseYurophu, lolu hlelo oluvaliwe lusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokumunca ukuze lubambe futhi luhlanze umusi we-MC okhishwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kokumboza. Izilingo zokuqala zibonisa izinga lokutakula elingu-92%, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi.
Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa ukuqapha okuqhutshwa yi-AI ukuze kuthuthukiswe imijikelezo yokusetshenziswa kabusha kwe-solvent, kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana nemikhawulo eqinile yokuchayeka emsebenzini. Izimboni ezifana nokukhiqiza i-polycarbonate kanye nokuhlanza izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi ziqala lolu hlelo, oluhambisana nemigomo yomnotho oyindilinga ye-International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) ka-2030.
2. Ukuqinisa Imithetho Yomhlaba Wonke Ngokukhishwa Kwegesi Emkhathini
Izinhlangano ezilawulayo ziqinisa ukuhlolwa kwe-Methylene Chloride ngenxa yamandla ayo okuphela kwe-ozone (ODP) kanye nezingozi zempilo emsebenzini. NgoSepthemba 2023, i-European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) iphakamise izichibiyelo kwimithethonqubo ye-REACH, iphoqelela ukulandelwa kokukhishwa kwegesi ngesikhathi sangempela kwezikhungo ezisebenzisa amathani angaphezu kwama-50 e-MC minyaka yonke. Imithetho iphinde idinge ukuhlolwa kokufakwa esikhundleni kwezicelo ezingabalulekile ngaphambi kwekota yesibili ka-2024.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) iqalise ukubuyekezwa kwesimo se-MC ngaphansi koMthetho Wokulawula Izinto Ezinobuthi (TSCA), kanye nokutholakele kokuqala okuphakamisa imikhawulo eqinile yokugcwala emoyeni emsebenzini—okungase kwehlise umkhawulo kusuka ku-25 ppm kuya ku-10 ppm. Lezi zinyathelo zihlose ukubhekana nokukhathazeka okukhulayo ngemiphumela yesikhathi eside yezinzwa phakathi kwabasebenzi bezimboni.
3. Umkhakha Wezokwelapha Wamukela Izindlela Ezingajwayelekile Zokuhlaza
Imboni yezemithi, ewumthengi omkhulu we-Methylene Chloride yokwenza izidakamizwa zikhanye futhi zikhishwe, isheshisa ukuhlolwa kwezithako ezisekelwe ku-bio. Ucwaningo olubuyekezwe ontanga olushicilelwe ku-*Green Chemistry* (Agasti 2023) luqokomise izithako ezisuselwa ku-limonene njengezithako ze-MC ezisebenzayo ekwakhiweni kwe-API (izithako ezisebenzayo zezemithi), zithola isivuno esifanayo ngamaphrofayili obuthi aphansi angu-80%.
Nakuba ukwamukelwa kusaqhubeka kancane kancane ngenxa yezinselele zokuzinza kokwakheka, izikhuthazo zomthetho ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunciphisa Ukwehla Kwamanani Ezinto wase-US zixhasa izitshalo zokuhlola ezizinikele ekwandiseni lezi zindlela. Abahlaziyi babikezela ukwehla okungu-15-20% kwesidingo se-MC esivela kumakhemikhali ngo-2027 uma izitayela zamanje ze-R&D ziqhubeka.
4. Intuthuko Kwezobuchwepheshe Zokunciphisa Ingozi ze-MC
Izilawuli zobunjiniyela ezintsha zinciphisa izingozi ezihlobene ne-MC. Ithimba labacwaningi laseNyakatho Melika lisanda kwembula uhlelo lokuhlunga olusekelwe ku-nanoparticle olubolisa i-MC esele emifudlaneni yamanzi angcolile ibe yimikhiqizo engeyona enobuthi njenge-chloride ions kanye ne-carbon dioxide. Inqubo ye-photocatalytic, esebenza ngokukhanya kwe-UV okunamandla aphansi, ifinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokubola okungu-99.6% futhi ihlanganiswa nezindawo zokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile amakhemikhali.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu yesizukulwane esilandelayo (i-PPE) eneziphefumula ezithuthukisiwe nge-graphene ibonise ukusebenza kahle okungu-98% ekuvimbeleni umusi we-MC ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuchayeka kakhulu njengokususa upende. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuhambisana neziqondiso ze-OSHA ezibuyekeziwe ezigcizelela ukulawulwa kokuchayeka okunezigaba kwabaphathi be-MC.
5. Ushintsho Lwemakethe Oluqhutshwa Ukuzinza
Naphezu kwendima yayo ejulile, i-Methylene Chloride ibhekene nengcindezi enkulu evela ezindleleni zokutshala imali ze-ESG (ezemvelo, ezenhlalo, nezokubusa). Ucwaningo lwango-2023 olwenziwe umhlaziyi ohamba phambili embonini yamakhemikhali lwembule ukuthi ama-68% abakhiqizi abasezansi manje babeka phambili abahlinzeki ngezinhlelo zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-MC eziqinisekisiwe. Lo mkhuba ukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha engqalasizinda yokubuyisa izinyibilikisi kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza i-bio-hybrid.
Okuphawulekayo ukuthi iphrojekthi yokuhlola eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia iphumelele ekuhlanganiseni i-MC kusetshenziswa i-methane chlorination enikwa amandla avuselelekayo, yanciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni ngo-40%. Ngenkathi kusenezinselele zokukhuliswa, izinhlelo ezinjalo zigcizelela ukujikeleza komkhakha wamakhemikhali ezindaweni zemvelo ezincishisiwe.
Isiphetho: Ukulinganisela Usizo kanye Nomthwalo Wemfanelo
Njengoba i-Methylene Chloride isalokhu ibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni okubalulekile, ukugxila kwemboni ekusunguleni okusimeme kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho kuyaqina. Ukusebenzisana kwezinhlelo zokuvuselela ezisezingeni eliphezulu, ezinye izindlela eziphephile, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezishintshayo kuzochaza indima ye-MC esikhathini esizayo esingenazo izikhuthazo eziningi. Ababambiqhaza kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani manje kumele bahambe kulesi sigaba sokuguqula—lapho ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo kuhlangana khona—ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-07-2025