Kusukela kwaqala iNgxabano phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine, iYurophu ibilokhu ibhekene nenkinga yamandla. Intengo kawoyela negesi yemvelo ikhuphuke kakhulu, okuholele ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezindleko zokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezihlobene nomfula.
Naphezu kokuntuleka kwayo kwezinzuzo zezinsizakusebenza, imboni yamakhemikhali yaseYurophu isaphethe amaphesenti ayi-18 okuthengiswa kwamakhemikhali emhlabeni wonke (cishe ama-yuan ayizigidigidi eziyi-4.4), ibekwe endaweni yesibili ngemuva kwe-Asia, futhi iyikhaya le-BASF, umkhiqizi wamakhemikhali omkhulu kunabo bonke emhlabeni.
Uma ukuphakelwa kwamanzi angaphezulu kusengozini, izindleko zezinkampani zamakhemikhali zaseYurophu zikhuphuka kakhulu. IShayina, iNyakatho Melika, iMpumalanga Ephakathi kanye namanye amazwe athembele ezinsizeni zawo futhi awathinteki kangako.
Esikhathini esifushane, amanani kagesi aseYurophu cishe azohlala ephezulu, kuyilapho izinkampani zamakhemikhali zaseShayina zizoba nenzuzo enhle yezindleko njengoba ubhubhane eShayina luthuthuka.
Khona-ke, emabhizinisini amakhemikhali aseShayina, yimaphi amakhemikhali azoletha amathuba?
I-MDI: Igebe lezindleko linwetshwe laya ku-1000 CNY/MT
Amabhizinisi e-MDI wonke asebenzisa inqubo efanayo, inqubo ye-phosgene yesigaba soketshezi, kodwa eminye imikhiqizo ephakathi ingakhiqizwa yikhanda lamalahle kanye nekhanda legesi izinqubo ezimbili. Ngokuphathelene nemithombo ye-CO, i-methanol kanye ne-ammonia yokwenziwa, iShayina isebenzisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali amalahle, kuyilapho iYurophu ne-United States zisebenzisa kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwegesi yemvelo.
Njengamanje, umthamo we-MDI waseShayina ubiza u-41% wamandla omhlaba wonke, kuyilapho iYurophu ibiza u-27%. Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-MDI ngegesi yemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eYurophu zanda cishe ngo-2000 CNY/MT, kanti ekupheleni kukaMashi, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-MDI ngamalahle njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zanda cishe ngo-1000 CNY/MT. Igebe lezindleko licishe libe ngu-1000 CNY/MT.
Idatha eyisisekelo ikhombisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwe-MDI okwenziwe nge-polymer e-China kube ngaphezu kuka-50%, kufaka phakathi inani lokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngo-2021 elifinyelela ku-1.01 million MT, ukukhula konyaka nonyaka okungu-65%. I-MDI iyimpahla yokuhweba yomhlaba wonke, futhi intengo yomhlaba wonke ihlobene kakhulu. Izindleko eziphezulu zakwamanye amazwe kulindeleke ukuthi zithuthukise kakhulu ukuncintisana kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kanye nentengo yemikhiqizo yaseShayina.
I-TDI: Igebe lezindleko likhuliswe laya ku-1500 CNY/MT
Njenge-MDI, amabhizinisi e-TDI omhlaba wonke asebenzisa inqubo ye-phosgene, ngokuvamile asebenzisa inqubo ye-phosgene yesigaba soketshezi, kodwa eminye imikhiqizo ephakathi ingakhiqizwa ngekhanda lamalahle kanye nekhanda legesi izinqubo ezimbili.
Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-MDI ngegesi yemvelo njengezinto zokusetshenziswa eYurophu zanda cishe ngo-2,500 CNY/MT, kanti ekupheleni kukaMashi, izindleko zokukhiqiza i-MDI ngamalahle njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zanda cishe ngo-1,000 CNY/MT. Igebe lezindleko landa laya cishe ku-1500 CNY/MT.
Njengamanje, umthamo we-TDI waseShayina u-40% wamandla omhlaba wonke, kanti iYurophu i-26%. Ngakho-ke, ukwenyuka kwentengo ephezulu yegesi yemvelo eYurophu kuzoholela ekwandeni kwezindleko ze-TDI zokukhiqiza cishe ngo-6500 CNY / MT.
Emhlabeni jikelele, iShayina iyona ethumela impahla ngaphandle kwe-TDI. Ngokwemininingwane yentela, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla ngaphandle kwe-TDI yaseShayina kulinganiselwa ku-30%.
I-TDI nayo ingumkhiqizo wokuhweba womhlaba wonke, futhi amanani omhlaba wonke ahlobene kakhulu. Izindleko eziphakeme zaphesheya kulindeleke ukuthi zithuthukise ukuncintisana kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nentengo yemikhiqizo yaseShayina.
I-Formic acid: Ukusebenza kahle, intengo ephindwe kabili.
I-Formic acid ingenye yamakhemikhali asebenza kahle kakhulu kulo nyaka, ikhuphuke isuka ku-4,400 CNY/MT ekuqaleni konyaka yaya ku-9,600 CNY/MT muva nje. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Formic acid kuqala kakhulu kusukela ku-methanol carbonylation kuya ku-methyl formate, bese kuba yi-hydrolyzes kuya ku-formic acid. Njengoba i-methanol ijikeleza njalo enkambisweni yokusabela, izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-formic acid yi-syngas.
Njengamanje, iShayina neYurophu zikhiqiza u-57% kanye no-34% wamandla okukhiqiza i-formic acid emhlabeni jikelele ngokulandelana, kuyilapho ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kungaphezu kuka-60%. NgoFebhuwari, ukukhiqizwa kwe-formic acid ekhaya kwehle, futhi intengo yanda kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kahle kwentengo ye-formic acid naphezu kwesidingo esingesihle kubangelwa kakhulu izinkinga zokuhlinzeka kokubili eShayina nakwamanye amazwe, okuyisisekelo sazo inkinga yegesi yaphesheya kwezilwandle, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuncipha kokukhiqizwa kweShayina.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuncintisana kwemikhiqizo engezansi yemboni yamakhemikhali amalahle nakho kuyathembisa. Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali amalahle ikakhulukazi i-methanol kanye ne-synthetic ammonia, engandiswa ibe yi-acetic acid, i-ethylene glycol, i-olefin kanye ne-urea.
Ngokwezibalo, inzuzo yezindleko zenqubo yokwenza amalahle e-methanol ingaphezu kuka-3000 CNY/MT; Inzuzo yezindleko zenqubo yokwenza amalahle ye-urea icishe ibe ngu-1700 CNY/MT; Inzuzo yezindleko zenqubo yokwenza amalahle e-acetic acid icishe ibe ngu-1800 CNY/MT; Inzuzo yezindleko ze-ethylene glycol ne-olefin ekukhiqizweni kwamalahle isusiwe ngokuyisisekelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-19-2022