I-Polyurethane iyinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali amasha. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene, kwaziwa ngokuthi "ipulasitiki yesihlanu ngobukhulu". Ukusuka kwifenisha, okokugqoka, ukuya ezokuhamba, ukwakhiwa, ezemidlalo kanye ne-aerospace kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuvikela kuzwelonke, izinto zokuvikela i-Ubiqurethane zingabameli bezinto ezintsha zokwakha izwe elinamandla.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni yezinto ezibonakalayo zePolyurethane eluhlaza, kukhombisile ushintsho kusuka kuvolumu -ukuguquguqukeni. Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye namandla okukhiqiza we-isocyanate kubalwe ukuhola emhlabeni. Ungene esikhathini sokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe esingene angenele ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu. Njengamanje, iChina isiphenduke izinto ezibonakalayo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-polyurethane ezibonakalayo kanye nokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, kanye nesifunda esiphelele kunazo zonke emkhakheni wezicelo ze-polyurethane.
Njengomfashini osemqoka we-polyurethane, ama-polyurethane expnsion agents ayizinto ezingasabela ngokuphendula kweqembu elisebenzayo ku-polymer chain yomugqa wokwandisa i-chain molecular futhi wandise isisindo se-molecular. Kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ebonakalayo yokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo eminingi ye-polyurethane. Ekuhlolweni kwezinto ze-polyurethane, ama-polyurethane wokunwebeka angafinyelela ukusabela okubili kwamakhemikhali: ukunwebeka nokunqamula ukufezekisa okuphezulu, okuphezulu kokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, okufana nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-polyurethane, kanye nezinga lokudwengula. I-Physics kanye nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali okuphelele kokumelana nezinga lokushisa, ukumelana kawoyela, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.
一, iqhaza kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwe-polyurethane chain Expansion Agent
I-Polyurethane Eventionnion Agent ibhekisela kwi-Amine emangalisa ephansi ne-complic equkethe amaqembu amabili asebenza, angakhiqiza umugqa we-line -type polymer ngokuphendula kokunwebeka kwamaketanga. Ngokusebenzisa ama-ejenti wokunwebeka ehlukene, noma ukuguqula ifomula yokwandiswa kwekhekhe, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwamanani ahlukene kutholakala, futhi izinto ze-polyurethane ezinezidingo ezihlukile zokusebenza zikhiqizwa.
Indima ye-polyurethane chain expansion agents ekuhambeni kwe-polyurethane synthesis ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi:
. Isisindo se-molecular nokusabela okujabulisayo kungenza uhlelo lokuphendula lwe-polyurethane lukhule ngokushesha noma luqinise, ukukhiqiza umugqa ngesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana ama-molecule asebenza nge-polymer.
(2) Abangenisi abahlukahlukene abahlukahlukene banokusebenza okuhlukile. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-ejenti wokunwetshwa kwe-chain kanye nemithamo, lungisa i-reactor viscosity, ama-molecule kanye nezakhiwo ze-morphological ukuzivumelanisa nokukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane nemikhiqizo yezinhlelo ezahlukene nezidingo zekhwalithi.
. Ukukhathala okuvumayo, ukumelana nokushisa, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana kawoyela, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.
Ama-polyurethane wokunwetshwa kwama-polyurethane ngokuvamile ahlukaniswe ngo-Amine, utshwala notshwala. Ukusuka ekusetshenzisweni kwezinhlelo zenqubo nezinhlaka zokusebenza, i-dilate ne-diol kususelwa kakhulu ohlelweni lwenqubo kanye nokwakhiwa kokusebenza. Ama-ejenti we-Dilate-Type Culate Chain Culatation afana ne-Ethylene Glycol, 1,4-Butanol, kanye ne-dihydramol eyodwa, njll. I-ejenti yokunwetshwa kwe-chain ngokusebenza okusobala kwezinto ze-polyurethane ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: iphunga le-aromatic dihanramine ne-aromatic diol. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ejenti yokunwebeka ye-High -performance Chepformance. Ibonakala yindandatho ye-benzene eqinile. Amandla, ukumelana ne-abrasion, ukumelana okuphakathi nezinye izakhiwo.
I-Aromatic Diharamine Expension Agel akuyona nje kuphela isengezo esingukhiye esisemqoka sokwenziwa kwezinto zokwenziwa kwezinto zokwenziwa ze-polyurethane. I-polyureneane ephakeme kakhulu ye-polyurene chain enweuterance ephezulu kakhulu.
Izidumbu ze-polyurethane ezikwindla ze-polyurethane zivame ukulungiswa ngenqubo ezimbili -Step Technique, okungukuthi, amamayelana nokwenziwa, bese kufakwa ama-Chain Expansion Agents okuqina. Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-isocyanate, olwenziwe nge-prepAbrical ingahlukaniswa ngehlukaniswe izinhlobo ze-TDI ne-MDI. Qhathanisa nalokhu, umsebenzi wokusabela ngaphambi kwesikhathi we-TDI uphansi, futhi ikakhulukazi kufaniswa nama-Antine Check Ackention Agents asebenzayo; Umsebenzi we-MDI ohlanganisiwe wokuphendula uphakeme, kanye ne-hydroxy -Based Check Chain Expention ejenti nge-hydroxyl -Based Seal ephansi ephansi. Ngokwezidingo zezimo zokusebenzisa kanye nokusebenza komkhiqizo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-ejenti yokwandiswa kwe-chain efanele ngemuva kokukhethwa kwe-isocyanate.
二, izinhlobo eziphezulu ze-polyurethane chain expansion dengwaneni kanye nezimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza
2.1 I-Main Arammer Amine Chain Expansion Agent
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, i-Aromatic Dihamine Agent e-Agent evame kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi ejenti ye-Check Expention e-Polyurethane.
Ama-ejenti wokunwebeka ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa ama-3, 3'-Dichlori-4, 4'-Dickori (Moca: Thayipha, ukumelana okuphezulu, njll.), 1,3-Amino Blycol (4-Amino Benzoate ) (740m), 4,4'-sub-base-kabili (3-chlorine-2,6-diacene aniline) . I-5 -IRCREARE SulfenLene (DMTDA, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-E-300) neminye imikhiqizo.
Ukubuka konke kwezimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko kungokulandelayo:
I-Moca Chain Exchion Agent i-ejenti yokuqala ephezulu ye-Chepformance Chain Enwevence Ejenti etshalwe ekukhiqizeni okwenziwe ngezezimboni ezweni lami. Kuyisimo esiqinile ekushiseni kwegumbi. Inezici zemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane engasetshenziswa maqondana nokuphepha kanye nokulula, okungahlangabezana nezimpawu zokucaciswa nezincazelo ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqina kwama-polyurethanes kuyinto ephezulu, ephezulu -Round, ukuphazamiseka okuphezulu, ukumelana nolaka, ukumelana nokugqwala nezinye izakhiwo eziphelele. Kungenza imikhiqizo emikhulu. Kungukusebenza okuphelele kwama-eromatic dilate ukunweba ama-ejenti. Selokhu kwathuthukiswa kweDuPont ngawo-1950s, uMoca unezikhundla ezibalulekile emkhakheni wePolyurethane Eastisticity. Njengamanje i-polyurethane chain expension ejenti enkulu kunazo zonke. Kubaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wokuthulula i-polyurethane elasticity. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abakwangaziwayo baseChina yi: Suzhou Xiangyunguan New Materics Co, Ltd (subsidiidy Jiangsu XingGuang Inkampani yamakhemikhali yeCoburgy Commage Commage Co, Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Mate Christian Co, Ltd . Hua Cheximam Technolog Technology Co, Ltd. (ngaphambili i-binhai mingheng chemical Chemisheng Commay Co, I-Ltd.), Chizhou Tiaci High -Tech Material Co, Ltd.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngaphansi kobuholi bezinkampani zaseChina, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza uMoca buye bathuthuka ngokwengeziwe. For example, Xiangyuan New Materials overcome the problem of employee occupation health, serious pollution, and insufficient stability of the intermittent production of hydrogenation of hydrogenation of hydrogenation of hydrogenation. Indlela eqhubekayo isebenzisa i-hydrogenation ye-hydrogen yenqubo ephezulu ye-acoustics ne-mocastics ye-acoustics kanye ne-mocation, efakwe ngokuphelele, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza okotshani, ukukhiqiza okubonakalayo, ukuncishiswa kwamandla, ukuncishiswa kwamandla okusetshenziswa kanye nokukhishwa kwe-zero. Idivaysi yokukhiqiza ye-Moca eqhubekayo isibe ngumkhiqizi womkhiqizo owenziwe umhlaba we-polyurethane chain expansention agent.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ezintsha ze-XianGenuan ziphinde zakha ama-xylink740m kanye ne-xylink p uchungechunge lwezinyuso zalolu chungechunge lwemikhiqizo, ukukhuthaza abakhiqizi bezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze bathuthukise ikhwalithi, banciphise izindleko, futhi bandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
2.2 The Main Aromatic Diol Diol Magension Agent
Ama-ejeli we-diol we-diol ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile afaka ama-pherl-phenolic hydroxyxyx-based ether (HQEE), ama-intercoxhenylbenols, ne-hqeoxyylyl-based Phenolic Pyyrolhenol Ingxube (HerdroxyEthylhexybenol ingxube (her-l), njll. isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-polyurethane Izinto zokwenziwa zezinhlelo zenqubo ye-MDI, okuyi-ejenti yokunwebeka enobuthi kanye nokungcola. Ukubuka konke kwezimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo eyinhloko kungokulandelayo:
I-HQee Chain Exchion Agent yi-molecular design symmetrical aromatic diol enweughnsion ejenti. Kuyinhlayiya eqinile, okungeyona eye -tolic, ukungcoliswa, nokucasulayo. Inokuhambisana okuhle ne-MDI futhi inganweba ngempumelelo impilo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Izinto ezintsha ze-Xiangyun ziye zakha i-HQEE, hee, xylink hqee-L, Xylinkeher-L Series Chain Exclension Agents. Ikhwalithi iphakeme kunemikhiqizo efanayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi imikhiqizo iyathengiswa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
2.3 Amanye ama-ejenti we-Aromatic Chain Expension asebenza ngokukhethekile
Ngokukhuphuka kwezinkambu ezifuphelayo ze-polyurethane, ama-polyurethane andisa ama-ejenti kanye nobuchwepheshe bohlelo lokusebenza akhuthazwe ngokuqhubekayo ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo semakethe ye-polyurethane. Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza athuthukise ukusebenza okuningana okukhethekile okubonakalayo ama-tomatic chain chain wacters.
I-Tiamen Wiverine (DMD230) ukunwetshwa kwamaketanga aqukethe amagobolomu amabili we-Amin Amino -Free, esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kokumbona okuqukethwe okune-sollentless noma ephezulu -solid. Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-polytette ajwayelekile wesifutho, umkhiqizo unezimpendulo ezilinganiselayo, ukusebenza okuhle okusebenzayo, ukusebenza kahle kokwakha okuhle, ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo omuhle kakhulu. Ine-gloss enhle kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo enama-polycogus lapho kulungiswa ama-cotyt chloride polycisotripocyate, ukuguquguquka okuhle kanye nezinguquko eziphuzi, ukumelana okuphuzi, ukumelana kahle kwesimo sezulu, nokuvikelwa okuhle. Ngaphezu kwamabhuloho, imigudu, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimpawu eziphansi nezindawo zomgwaqo, ingasetshenziswa futhi ngezicelo eziphakeme kakhulu njengezimbobo ezivikelayo kanye ne-helikopta composite coadengs of rower power blades. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokukhushulwa kwalo mkhiqizo kuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu kwezambatho.
I-Dispsal (311) ye-Aromatic Diharamine nama-Sodium Chloride Compounds (311) uhlobo lokuhlanganiswa kwe-aromatic diharamine nosawoti we-inorganic. Ingafaniswa nezinhlobonhlobo ze-polyurethane pre -polystants emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni. Ilungele ikakhulukazi ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi noma enkulu. Imikhiqizo yendawo, ubuvikeleli be-microwave, nezinye izikhathi ezidinga isikhathi eside ukusebenza, nazo zingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yelapha i-epoxy resin. Imikhiqizo efanayo ifaka i-caytur 31da e-United States, i-XYYYSK11, izinto ezintsha ze-Xiangyunguan.
Abanye abenze abasezingeni lomkhumbi aqamba ama-agents afana ne-oxidazole, i-ketone amene, njll. Inganciphisa amathuba okuhlanganisa noma eminye imikhiqizo ukukhiqiza ama-bubble esigabeni esiphakathi sokwelapha, futhi futhi inendawo yokuthuthuka.
三, isimo sokuthuthuka sama-polyurethane chain expansention agents
Umkhakha we-polyurethane wezwe lami unesisekelo sokuthuthuka esibuthakathaka. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, imakethe yokunwetshwa kwe-polyurethane chain yasekhaya ibilokhu iboshwe ngamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene. Kusukela ukungena kuleli khulu leminyaka, izinkampani ze-polyurenane chain expansion ezimelwe yizinto ezintsha ze-Xiangyusuan ziphuke ngempumelelo ama-monapolies angaphandle ngemuva kweminyaka yokuqongelela ubuchwepheshe be-R & D kanye nobuchwepheshe. Eminye yemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ka-polyurethane chain yokwengeza ifinyelele ezingeni ngemikhiqizo efanayo yaphesheya.
Njengomenzeli obanzi kakhulu we-Aline Polyurethane Eventlent, inqubo yokukhiqiza iMoca ivuthiwe, iyazinza, ilinganiselwe, futhi efanelekile ukuphendula. Emkhakheni wokuthulula umzimba we-elastic ngezicelo ezaphansi, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-TDI, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane lemikhiqizo evuthiwe yemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane yokuqina kwe-polyurethan formula yokuqina kwe-moca's kanye nokusebenza kwemakethe Prakthiza. Izindleko ziphakeme kakhulu. Ngemuva kweminyaka yokusebenzisa, kwakha inqubo ethile yenqubo ethile. Ineqhaza elingenakuphikwa, futhi insimu yesicelo ihlala idluliswa njalo.
Ukuphathwa kwamakhemikhali ase-European, njengesikhungo esiphethe isitifiketi se-EU, sikhiphe umbiko ngoNovemba 30, 2017. Ngemuva kokuqhathanisa izingozi zokuphepha, ukusebenza, kuhlongoze ukuthi emkhakheni we-polyurethane wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-Moca Ukusebenza, izindleko -Engise-Hefpenging kanye nezinye izinzuzo zivelele, futhi okwamanje azikho ezinye izindlela.
Imboni ye-polyurethane yokwanda kwesiShayina iqale sekwedlule isikhathi. Ezinsukwini zokuqala, ngenxa yezinga lobuchwepheshe obuphansi bokukhiqiza, buthaka izinto zokwakha ezingavuthiwe, kanye namathalente anganele e-R & D, i-polyurene chain yokwanda kwemakethe ibekelwe amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene. Kuze kube yiminyaka yama-1990s, abakhiqizi abaningi basePolyurene Chain Expanselional baphula ngempumelelo ubuchwepheshe bakwamanye amazwe ngemuva kweminyaka ye-R & D kanye nokuqongelela kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwenza eminye imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane chain expansention yafinyelela ezingeni ngemikhiqizo efanayo yezwe lonke. Ikakhulu, izinto ezintsha ze-XianGyunuan zithathe ukuhola ekwakheni idivaysi yokukhiqiza ye-3,000 - eqhubekayo ye-moca eqhubekayo. Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye neleveli yezobuchwepheshe ifinyelele ezingeni lokuhola elithuthukile lomhlaba kanye nasekhaya. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi beMoca basekhaya bakwazile ukufeza izidingo ze-Ionamine yamahhala. I-Granurar Moca ne-High -Tereture ephuzi -Changing Moca emikhiqizweni ye-Moca Series imukelwa imboni ye-polyurethane.
Uhlelo "lweshumi nambili lweminyaka emihlanu lwe-" meleli Yeminyaka Eminyaka Eminyaka Eminyaka "yemboni ye-polyurethane iphakamisa ukuthi ngaphezu kokukhulisa isilinganiso sokukhiqiza se-moca esezingeni eliphakeme, ukukhushulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti amasha e-Chain Expendion McDea, e-100 , Hee, hqee neminye imikhiqizo kufanele yenyuswe. Ngokusekelwe kwimikhiqizo ye-Moca Series, ngokuhlukahluka kwezinto ze-polyurethane kanye nemikhiqizo, eminye imikhiqizo emisha yokunwetshwa kwamaketanga ibuye yaqhamuka, yakha ukwakheka okuhlukile ngemikhiqizo ye-moca.
Ngokwenzuzo okuqhubekayo kocwaningo lwezobuchwepheshe kanye nentuthuko, imikhiqizo emisha yama-high-preformerance aromatic chain ukunwebeka ama-Agents anezinzuzo ezithile zokuphendula, ukumelana nokushisa okusebenzayo, ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Uhlelo lokusebenza luvule kancane kancane, futhi inani lesicelo liyaqhubeka nokwanda. Isibonelo, i-P-1000, P250, P250, i-740, 740m, ngenxa yezici zayo eziluhlaza, ezinobungane, ezingezona ezinobuthi, kancane kancane zivule imakethe yohlelo lokusebenza emikhakheni eminingi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka kanye nokukhula kohlelo lwe-MDI oluningi lwemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwe-High -performation aromatic diol dileation ama-ejenti afana ne-HQEE futhi ahambisane kahle nohlelo lwe-MDI akhuphuke kancane kancane, anikeze i-polyurethane ukuqina Ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu komzimba okufana nokumelana nokushisa nokuqina kwezinyembezi. Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ethela, ingakhiqiza nemikhiqizo ephezulu ye-thermoplastic elastomic, engakhululwa. Ezindaweni zesicelo ezinezidingo zokusebenza eziphezulu zezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-polyurethane emazweni athuthukile kanye nezinto ezithile ze-polyurethane, ama-ejenti wokunwebeka anjenge-740m, i-HQEE, asiza uhlelo lokusebenza lokujula. I-ejenti entsha ye-Chain Expansion ihlukanise nezinzuzo ezisekelweni esithile, futhi umkhawulo wezobuchwepheshe uphezulu. Njengamanje, imakethe yasekhaya isesesigabeni sokukhuthaza uhlelo lokusebenza.
四, iphethini yentuthuko yemboni ye-polyurethane chain expansion
Umkhakha we-polyurethane eNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu uqongelele amashumi eminyaka okuthuthuka. Umkhakha unamandla aqinile wezobuchwepheshe embonini, futhi imakethe ivuthiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, abathengi kulezi zindawo banezidingo zokusebenza okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane, kanye nesidingo sama-ejenti amasha wokunweba amaketanga ashesha kune-MOCA. Njengamanje, amazwe athuthukile anjenge-Europe ne-United States ahlala esakhiweni esikhulu sesidingo sama-ejenti amasha anwebekile.
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-polyurethane esifundeni sase-Asia -pacific kanye namanye amazwe asafufusa kuba amabutho okushayela main wokufuna kwe-polyurethane. Phakathi kwazo, isifunda sase-Asia -Pacific sesivele siyimakethe yabathengi be-polyurethane enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ababalwa cishe ama-48% e-Global Market Market Market; Amanye amazwe avelayo afana ne-India, eBrazil, e-Mexico, njll. Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States, ezinye zalezi zifunda kulezi zifunda zisekuqaleni kwezimboni. Zizwela kakhulu ngentengo yezinto zokwakha ezivuthiwe embonini ye-polyurethane futhi zinake kakhulu izindleko nokusebenza kwezindleko. Ngokuzayo, ngokuzayo, le ndawo isazogcina isidingo esiphakeme se-mocas ephezulu -cOst.
Njengamanje, izinkampani ezinkulu zama-polyurethane ezinkulu zomhlaba jikelele, njengeKazaka Kagosan Fafect Industry Industry Co, Ltd. ., ukhubaze umhlaba iningi lesabelo semakethe ama-ejenti wokunwebeka, ezinye izinkampani ezincane ezingenakuthuthukiswa komkhakha Uhlelo -Usizo lwe-Reserance luqediwe ngumthelela wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo nentengo, kanye nokuqoqwa komkhakha wokunwetshwa kwamaketanga sekuphinde kwandiswe. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkampani ezinkulu zincike emandleni amakhulu amakhulu kanye nocwaningo kanye nasengezona ethengezelelo yokwandisa izinto zokukhiqiza ezinobungcweti kanye nezinga lokukhiqiza lomkhiqizo, futhi zisungule izikhungo ezinkulu zokukhiqiza kanye nezindawo zokuthengisa kanye ne-R & D ezindaweni ezinezinsizakusebenza ezinhle kakhulu, Izimakethe, kanye nezimo zabasebenzi.
I-5
Njengesengezo esibalulekile sezinto ze-polyurethane, ama-polyurethane andisa ama-ejenti asetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni lwecala (kufaka phakathi izimbambo, anamathela, ukubekwa uphawu kanye nezinhlaka zokunwebeka) ezintweni ze-polyurethane. Phakathi kwazo, umzimba we-polyurethane we-elastic uyisitabane sokwenziwa kwe-polymer phakathi kwenjoloba ejwayelekile nepulasitiki. Inobuqili obukhulu benjoloba nobulukhuni obuphezulu namandla aphezulu wepulasitiki. Izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kwayi-10), inedumela le- "The King of Wear -Rensistant Rubber" futhi linamandla amahle emishini, ukumelana namafutha, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokushisa okuhle kakhulu kanye nokusebenza kwezinga lokufakelwa. Ngaphezu kohlobo olujwayelekile lokuthulula kanye nohlobo lwe-polmoplastic polyurethane elastic, impahla ye-polyurethane elastic futhi ifaka phakathi izinamathiseli, ukumboza, ukubekwa uphawu, isikhumba sokwenza, ukwenziwa kwesikhumba, i-fiber, njll. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe, i-polyurethane elalisasticity ithathelwe indawo enjoloba, amapulasitiki kanye nezinsimbi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezimoto, izimayini, ukuphrinta, imishini, ukucubungula imishini, ezemidlalo kanye nezokuhamba.
Ngokusho kwezibalo ezivela kuma-ejensi afanele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Chinese Polyurethane Case (umzimba we-elastic, ukumboza okwenziwe, ukunamathela kanye nezilinganiso zonyaka ka-11.5% ngonyaka we-11.5% ngonyaka we-2016-2021 kwakungu-11.5%.
Ukuqina kwe-polyurethane eChinese ngo-2016 kwawungamathani angama-925,000, futhi okuphumayo ngo-2021 kufinyelele amathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.5, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-10 .2%; Isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esijwayelekile sasingu-12,5%. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2025, okukhishwayo komzimba we-polyurethane elastic elastic kuzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2.059, okusazobe kusesekuthambekeni kwentuthuko esheshayo.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukuphuma komhlaba wonke kwama-polyurethane lastomers kufinyelelwe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2,52 ngonyaka we-2016 kanye namathani angama-3.539 million ngo-2021, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-7.0%. Ngo-2025, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwePolyurethane Elastomer kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingama-4,495, kukhombisa ukuthambekela okusheshayo nokuqinile.
I-Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomer (TPU) inokumelana kahle kakhulu. Amandla ayo ashubile aphezulu, aphezulu, e-oyela -resistant, ukumelana kwamazinga okushisa, ukumelana kwesimo sezulu, nokumelana kwe-ozone kuvelele, futhi uhla lobu bulukhuni luvelele. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusetshenziswa kwemakethe ye-TPU kunwebe kusuka embonini yezicathulo kuya kokuphezulu kwezimakethe ezinjengemikhakha yezemithi, izindiza, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwezibalo, kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2021, isilinganiso esijwayelekile sokukhula sonyaka sokukhiqiza i-TPU eChina sasiphakeme ngo-14,5%. Ngo-2021, ukuphuma kwe-TPU yezwe lami kwakungamathani angama-645,000. Izwe lami seliphenduke izwe elikhiqizwa ngobukhulu be-TPU. Ukukhishwa kanye nevolumu yokuthumela kwelinye ithuba lenyuke ngokuqinile eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngokombono wokufunwa, imakethe ye-TPU yomhlaba wonke kugxilwe eYurophu, e-United States nasezifundeni zase-Asia -Pific. Phakathi kwazo, isifunda sase-Asia esiholwa yiChina yimakethe yesifunda esheshayo ekusebenziseni kwe-TPU emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokwezibalo zeKomidi Elikhethekile leChina Polyurethane Industry Association, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ezweni lami ngonyaka we-2018 kwafinyelela amathani we-polyurethane latomers (TPU + CPU) kwakungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1,1 .
I-TPU isenye yemikhiqizo enokukhula okusheshayo e-polyurethane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Izwe lami seliphenduke izwe labathengi be-TPU elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Ngokusho kwezibalo, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esijwayelekile sonyaka sokusetshenziswa kwe-TPU saseChina ngo-2017-2021 sasiphakeme ngo-12,9%, lapho ukusetshenziswa okuphelele ngo-2021 kwakungu-11.6% unyaka nonyaka. Ngokusekelwe ekukhishweni kwe-TPU komhlaba wonke kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.09 ngonyaka we-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya kwe-TPU kudlule engxenyeni yomhlaba. Ngokuzayo, izidingo zezinto zokwakha izicathulo, ifilimu, amapayipi, nezintambo zizoba namandla ngokwengeziwe. Ensimini yemishini yezokwelapha, izintambo zekhebula, nefilimu, kuzoqhubeka nokubuyisela izinto zendabuko ze-PVC. Kungenzeka ukuthi ungene esikhundleni se-EVA emkhakheni wezinto ezibonakalayo. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-TPU izohlala i-10 esikhathini esizayo 10 10% noma ngaphezulu kokukhula. Kulindeleke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzofinyelela amathani angama-900,000 ngo-2026.
Ngokunwetshwa kancane kancane kwezinga lokukhiqiza, izindleko zemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane elastic ziphansi, okuhlukahlukene kuhlukahlukene, ukufunwa kwemakethe sekuthuthukile, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kushesha. Ngesikhathi se- "Neventund-Wear Plan", imboni yamacala kufanele ikhuthaze ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ekuqondisweni kwamanzi - anezinhlelo, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu; Khulisa ukuthuthukiswa kwecala nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe okwenziwe ngesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sokufunda, ukugxila ku-polytianmen water -to -Pyrodramine polyphonus application; Gxila ekufezeni umqondo oyisisekelo oyisisekelo wokucwaninga nobunjiniyela; Thuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha, wakha insimu yesicelo, futhi ukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda entsha yokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ngojantshi, umgwaqo omkhulu, ukuhanjiswa kwamabhuloho, njll. kanye nokusetshenziswa kwensimu yezokwelapha; gqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwama-polyurethane anamathela ku-zero forgaldehyde ukwengeza amapuleti okufakelwa; ukuthuthukisa okuhlukanisiwe, okusebenzayo, kanye nenani eliphakeme -I-value -Added -Added ARmonia Products; Qinisa ubuchwepheshe bocwaningo nobuchwepheshe besicelo se-polyurethane materproof makerproof, ukusebenza, isikhathi sokuqina; Gqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-polyurethane ezakhiweni ezenziwa kabusha.
Izinkomba eziphambili zokuthuthukiswa kwenkundla ye-elastomer yilezi:
I-Polyurethane elatomers yezimoto. Umkhakha wanamuhla wezimoto ukhula ngokusebenza okuphezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu, isisindo esikhanyayo, induduzo nokuphepha. Izinto zokwenziwa zenjoloba kanye nepulasitiki zithatha indawo yezinto zensimbi, ezivula ithemba elibanzi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwama-polyurethane lastomers.
Ama-polyurethane lastomers ekwakheni. Indabuko ye-asphalt yezwa izinto ezingangenzi manzi inyuswe indawo ehlala isikhathi eside, ebalulekile ye-polyuretha Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Polyurethane Sports Track kukhulu kakhulu. Amalunga okwandiswa kwamabhuloho amakhulu, olala ngesitimela esiphakeme, i-airport Runway kanye ne-caulking ephezulu kanye ne-caulking kancane kancane eyenziwe nge-PVC elastomer iqiniswe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
I-Polyurethane elastomer yokusetshenziswa kwemayini. Kunesidingo esikhulu sezinto ezingezona zensimbi ezinokugqokwa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina kwezimayini zamalahle, izimayini zensimbi nasezingezona zensimbi.
I-Polyurethane elastomer yezicathulo. I-Polychloride Ester Erasticity inezinzuzo zokusebenza okuhle kobudlova, isisindo esikhanyayo, ukumelana nokuphefumula, ukumelana kwe-skid, nokunye, sekuyinto ebalulekile esekelayo embonini yezicathulo.
I-Polyurethane elastomer yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelashwa. Ukuqina okuhle, ukuhambisana kwegazi futhi akukho okungeziwe izizathu ezibalulekile zokusebenzisa izinto ze-TPU ne-CPU emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha nezempilo kubanzi kakhulu.
Ishidi elisha le-polyurethane elihlanganisiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezibonakalayo eziyinhlanganisela kulindeleke ukuthi bulethe isikhathi esisha semakethe sokuqhuma kwama-polyurethane lastomers.
六, imboni yokunwetshwa kwe-polyurethane chain "14th uhlelo oluhle lwe-4
Ngokombono wembulunga yonke, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwensimu yokwakha, imboni yezimoto, imishini yezobunhloli kagesi, amandla amasha okuvikela ezemvelo kanye nezimboni zokuvikela ezemvelo ziqhube kakhulu isidingo semikhiqizo ye-polyurethane. Izingcweti ze-polyurethane zomhlaba wonke ziyaqhubeka nokusungula ubuchwepheshe kanye nesicelo, futhi zizoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emisha ye-polyurethane. Ngokwandiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane enkundleni nasekufundeni kwemakethe ye-towstream esiteji, isidingo esiguquguqukayo semikhiqizo ye-polyurethane sizothuthukisa ubuciko obuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-polyurethane chain chain agents.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 eyalandela, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane kwezinye izindawo ze-niche kuzokhula ngokushesha. Ochwepheshe bezimboni abahlaziya ukuthi isidingo somhlaba wonke se-polyurethane sizokwanda ngesilinganiso esingu-4,5% ngonyaka. Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esivamile sesidingo se-polyurethane silinganiselwa ku-5.7% emikhakheni yesiqandisi, isicathulo, izindwangu, ukuzilibazisa nezinye izinkambu. Isidingo senkambu yomkhiqizo sikhuphuke kancane, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi kube cishe ngo-3.3% ngonyaka. Amazwe avelayo esifundeni sase-Asia -Pacific asekelwa ubuchwepheshe obusha ukwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi, futhi isidingo sama-polyurethanes sizofinyelela isilinganiso sokukhula okuphindwe kabili ngonyaka.
Njengento ebalulekile eluhlaza embonini ye-polyurethane, imboni ye-polyurethane yezwe lami kufanele isebenzise umqondo omusha ngokungenakutholwa. Ngezansi, ingqikithi yokuqhakambisa ukuthuthukiswa okuphezulu kwemboni ye-polyurethane, ngesiqondiso sokukhuthaza imboni ye-polyurethane ukusheshisa iphethini yentuthuko entsha ye- "Dual -cycle", egxile eluhlaza okotshani, ophansi kanye nedijithali ushintsho. , Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwanamuhla lwezimboni, kukhuthaze "ukushiyeka" kwemikhiqizo ephezulu, "bamba - yonke imigwaqo ebalulekile," vula umgwaqo omusha "kwimikhiqizo yendabuko, futhi uthuthukise izwe lami ukusukela ku-polyurethane kuye izwe elinamandla.
Njengamanje, i-polyureane chain extender isibe ngesinye sezinto ezidingekayo ze-polyurethane eziluhlaza zamaphrojekthi amakhulu ezingqalasizinda kazwelonke. Umkhakha we-Polyurethane Chain Extender Ukwanda kokutshala imali emisha, ekhulisa ngokuvikelwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nekhwalithi ephezulu. Egxile ezidingweni ze-aerospace, imininingwane yama-elekthronikhi, izimoto, izimoto ezisheshayo, izitimela zejantshi, izimboni ezinkulu, ukuguqulwa kwezimboni zezokuvikela, ukuguqulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-polyurene chain technological technological kusheshiswa ukuthuthukisa i Izinga lokuthuthuka jikelele embonini ye-polyurethane.
Ukuqondiswa kwentuthuko embonini ye-polyurethane chain Excunder ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphakeme, eluhlaza okonakele i-Clack Extender ngokusebenza kokuvikelwa kwezemvelo okwengeziwe. Akuhlanzekile nokungcola kuphela kwinqubo yokukhiqiza, kepha futhi iphephile futhi iluhlaza kwinqubo yokusebenzisa ukukhuthaza i-Green of Polyurethane Products Production Procup Procud Products. Okwesibili, ukuze uphinde wandise ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ekhona ye-Chain Extender, ukuze i-Comferact Chain Extender ekhona egcwele ubungqabavu bohlelo lokusebenza olusha. Izinga lobuchwepheshe lamabhizinisi athile asekhaya e-polyurene chain agcunder alingana nalokho kwezinkampani zamazwe ahlukahlukene, kepha okunye ukucwaninga kohlelo lokusebenza kuyadingeka ukuze kube nabasebenzisi abaningi ukuba babone ukuphakama kwemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kahle kwe-aromatic diameratic nokusebenza okuhle, futhi Ukuze unikeze umphumela we-synergistic we-chain eyender ukusindisa amandla futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa nezindleko. Okwesithathu ukuqala ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ngokuya ngesidingo semakethe, ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo esezingeni elifanele nephakeme embonini ye-polyurethane, ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo ze-Downstreasem.
Kwezinto zokwenziwa kwe-polyurethane, i-chain Extender iyisengezo esibalulekile futhi esemqoka ngenani elikhulu nenani eliphakeme eliphakeme, elibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza komkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinto ze-polyurethane kanye ne-foam plastics, i-polyurethane chain extender inomphumela osobala ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza komkhiqizo. Embonini ye-polyurethane, indawo yemakethe ye-polyurethane extender inkulu. Ukuze uthuthukise futhi uhole ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni ye-polyurethane, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa uhlelo lokucwaninga kanye nokukhuthaza okwengeziwe kwe-polyurethane extender, futhi kuthuthukiswe ezinye izinhlobo ze-polyurethane chain Extender ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokunaka impilo, amandla Ukulondolozwa, ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kohlelo lokusebenza, ukuze kube nomnikelo omkhulu empilweni engcono yabantu.
Isikhathi sePosi: FEB-08-2023