I-polyurethane iyinto ebalulekile yamakhemikhali amasha.Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene, yaziwa ngokuthi "ipulasitiki yesihlanu enkulu".Kusukela kufenisha, izingubo zokugqoka, ukuya kwezokuthutha, ukwakhiwa, ezemidlalo, i-aerospace kanye nokwakhiwa kwezokuvikela kazwelonke, izinto ezisetshenziswa yonke indawo ye-polyurethane zingabameleli abasha bezinto zamakhemikhali ezintsha kanye nokwesekwa okubalulekile kwezwe lami lokwakha izwe elinamandla.
Ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwemboni ye-polyurethane eluhlaza, ibonise ushintsho kusuka ekushintsheni kwevolumu kuya kwekhwalithi.Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza namandla okukhiqiza e-isocyanate kukleliswe phambili emhlabeni.Ingene esikhathini sokukhuthazwa kobuchwepheshe esingene ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu.Njengamanje, i-China isibe yisizinda esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni se-polyurethane eluhlaza kanye nesisekelo sokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, kanye nesifunda esiphelele kakhulu emkhakheni wezicelo ze-polyurethane.
Njengesengezo esibalulekile se-polyurethane, ama-ejenti okwandisa i-polyurethane yizinto ezingasabela ngokusabela kweqembu elisebenzayo kuchungechunge lwe-polymer yomugqa ukuze kwandiswe iketango lamangqamuzana futhi kwandiswe isisindo samangqamuzana.Kuyimpahla eluhlaza engabalulekile ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo eminingi ye-polyurethane.Ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto zokwakha ze-polyurethane, ama-ejenti wokunweba we-polyurethane angafinyelela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali amabili: ukunwetshwa nokuxhumanisa ukuze kuzuzwe ukusebenza okuphezulu, ukukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-polyurethane, njengokuthuthukisa ukuqina, ukunwebeka, kanye nezinga lokudabula lemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane, kanye nezinga lokudabula.Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-Physics namakhemikhali kokumelana nezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nesimo sezulu kanye nokumelana nokugqwala.
一、 Indima nokuhlukaniswa kwe-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane
I-ejenti yokwandisa i-polyurethane isho i-amine yamangqamuzana ephansi kanye nezinhlanganisela zotshwala eziqukethe amaqembu amabili asebenzayo, angakhiqiza i-polymer yohlobo lomugqa ngokusabela kokunwetshwa kweketango.Ngokusebenzisa ama-ejenti okunweba amaketango ahlukene, noma ukushintsha ifomula yokwandisa iketango, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwamazinga ahlukene kuyafinyelelwa, futhi kukhiqizwa izinto ze-polyurethane ezinezidingo zokusebenza ezihlukene.
Indima ye-polyurethane chain expansion agents ekuphenduleni kwe-polyurethane synthesis ikakhulukazi ihlanganisa:
(1) I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane ineqembu lesici (iqembu le-amino ne-hydroxyl) elingenza ukusabela kwamakhemikhali nge-isocyanate.Isisindo samangqamuzana nokusabela okujabulisayo kungenza uhlelo lwe-polyurethane reaction lukhule ngokushesha noma luqine, lukhiqize umugqa onesisindo esikhulu samangqamuzana Ama-molecule anokusebenza kwe-polymer.
(2) Izandiso zamaketango ezihlukene zinokusebenza okuhlukile.Ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-ejenti wokunwetshwa kweketango kanye nomthamo, lungisa i-viscosity ye-reactor, ama-molecule kanye nezakhiwo ze-morphological ukuze zivumelane nokukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane kanye nemikhiqizo yezinhlelo ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zekhwalithi.
3 -ukunciphisa ukukhathala, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana nokugqwala, njll.
Ama-ejenti okwandisa i-polyurethane ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa abe i-amine, utshwala, notshwala.Kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwezinqubo zezinqubo nezakhiwo zokusebenza, i-dilate ne-diol isekelwe ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwenqubo kanye nesakhiwo sokusebenza.Ama-ejenti ajwayelekile ohlobo lwe-dilate-type dilatation anjenge-ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, kanye ne-dihydramol eyodwa eshrinkable, njll., anokusebenza okulinganiselwe emikhiqizweni ye-polyurethane, futhi angama-ejenti ajwayelekile okwandisa iketango.I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango ngokusebenza okusobala kwezinto ze-polyurethane ikakhulukazi izigaba ezimbili: i-dihanramine enuka kamnandi ne-aromatics diol.Ibizwa ngokuthi i-ejenti yokwandisa iketango eliphezulu.Ibonakala ngendandatho ye-benzene eqinile.Amandla, ukumelana nemihuzuko, ukumelana okuphakathi nezinye izakhiwo.
I-ejenti yokwandisa i-diharamine enephunga elimnandi ayisona nje isithasiselo esibalulekile esibalulekile sezinto zokwenziwa ze-polyurethane elastic series.I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane elibanzi kakhulu, elibi kakhulu, nelikhulu kunawo wonke elisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Imizimba enwebekayo evamile ethela i-polyurethane ngokuvamile ilungiswa ngezinyathelo ezimbili, okungukuthi, ama-synthetic prematures, bese ihlanganiswa nama-ejenti wokunweba amaketanga ukuze kuqiniswe.Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-isocyanate, eyakhiwe ngaphambilini ingahlukaniswa cishe ibe izinhlobo ze-TDI ne-MDI.Uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu okubili, umsebenzi we-TDI wokusabela ngaphambi kwesikhathi uphansi, futhi ikakhulukazi ufaniswe nama-ejenti okwandisa amaketango e-amine asebenza kakhulu;Umsebenzi wokusabela owenziwe ngaphambilini we-MDI uphezulu, kanye ne-ejenti yokwandisa iketango elisekelwe ku-hydroxy enophawu oluphansi olusekelwe ku-hydroxyl.Ngokwezidingo zezimo zokusetshenziswa nokusebenza komkhiqizo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha i-ejenti yokwandisa iketango efanelekile ngemva kokukhetha ngemva kohlobo lwe-isocyanate.
二、 High -performance polyurethane chain izinhlobo zomkhiqizo nezici zohlelo lokusebenza
2.1 I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-arammer dihan amine
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu, i-ejenti yokunwebeka ye-dihamine enephunga elimnandi iyi-ejenti yokwandisa amaketango evame kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni ezinwebekayo ze-polyurethane.
Ama-ejenti wokunweba we-dianramine anephunga elimnandi asetshenziswa kakhulu ahlanganisa i-3, 3'-dichlori-4, 4′-diodes (MOCA: uhlobo I, uhlobo Ⅱ, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, njll.), 1,3-propylene glycol Okuphindwe kabili (4-amino benzoate ) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol two-pair aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, njll.), 3,5-two ethylene torneramine (DETDA, eyaziwa nangokuthi E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, eyaziwa nangokuthi E-300) kanye neminye imikhiqizo.
Uhlolojikelele lwezimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esemqoka imi kanje:
I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-MOCA iyi-ejenti yokuqala yokwandisa uchungechunge olusebenzayo etshalwe ekukhiqizeni okunezimboni ezweni lami.Kuyisimo esiqinile ezingeni lokushisa elivamile.Inezici zemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane engasetshenziswa ngokuphepha nokulula, engahlangabezana nezici zokucaciswa nokubunjwa okuhlukahlukene.I-elasticity ye-polyurethanes iphezulu-ukuqina, i-high-rebound, i-high-wear-resistant, ukumelana nolaka, ukumelana nokugqwala nezinye izakhiwo ezibanzi.Ingenza imikhiqizo enosayizi omkhulu.Ukusebenza okuphelele kwama-ejenti okwandisa okunephunga elimnandi.Selokhu kwathuthukiswa i-DuPont ngeminyaka yawo-1950, i-MOCA ibambe isikhundla esibalulekile emkhakheni we-polyurethane elasticity.Njengamanje iyi-ejenti enkulu yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane.Kubaluleke nakakhulu emkhakheni wokuthulula i-polyurethane elasticity.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi abaziwayo be-MOCA e-China yilawa: I-Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (inkampani engaphansi kwe-Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), i-Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., i-Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. . I-Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (eyayiyi-Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), i-Chizhou Tianci High -tech Materials Co., Ltd., ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co. ., Ltd., kanye ne-Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
Eminyakeni yamuva, ngaphansi kobuholi bezinkampani zaseShayina, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-MOCA buye bathuthuka kakhulu.Isibonelo, i-Xiangyuan New Materials inqoba inkinga yempilo yomsebenzi wabasebenzi, ukungcola okukhulu, kanye nokungaqini okwanele kokukhiqizwa kwesikhashana kwe-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation.Indlela eqhubekayo ikhuthaza i-hydrogenation ye-hydrogenation ye-high -purity acoustics kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ze-MOCA, ukuqaphela ukuzenzekelayo, okuvalwe ngokugcwele, ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza, ukuqaphela izincibilikisi, ukungabi naluthuli, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kokulondoloza amandla kanye nokukhishwa kwe-zero.Idivayisi yokukhiqiza ye-MOCA eqhubekayo isibe umkhiqizi womkhiqizo owaziwayo emhlabeni wonke we-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Xiangyuan New Materials iphinde yathuthukisa ama-ejenti okwandisa uchungechunge lwe-Xylink740M ne-Xylink P, eqaphela ukwenziwa kwezimboni kwalolu chungechunge lwemikhiqizo, ekhuthaza abakhiqizi bezinto ze-polyurethane ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza.
2.2 I-ejenti yokwandisa i-dilateral dilateral enephunga elimnandi
Ama-agent asetshenziswa kakhulu e-aromatic diol dilation ahlanganisa i-phenyl-phenolic hydroxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), kanye nengxube ye-hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol (HQEE-L), ingxube ye-Hydroxyethylhhexybenol (HER-L), njll. isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi izinto ze-polyurethane zezinhlelo zenqubo ye-MDI, okungeyona into enobuthi ne-ejenti yokwandisa iketango lohlobo lokungcola.Uhlolojikelele lwezimpawu zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo esemqoka imi kanje:
I-ejenti yokwandisa iketango le-HQEE iyi-ejenti yokwandisa i-diol yesakhiwo samangqamuzana ephunga elimnandi.Iwuhlamvu oluqinile, olungenabuthi, alungcolisi, futhi luyacasula.Inokuhambisana okuhle ne-MDI futhi ingalula ngempumelelo impilo yezinto ezibonakalayo.I-Xiangyuan New Materials ithuthukise i-HQEE, HER, i-Xylink HQEE-L, i-Xylinkher-L yochungechunge lwama-ejenti okwandisa uchungechunge.Ikhwalithi iphakeme kunemikhiqizo efanayo ekhaya naphesheya, futhi imikhiqizo ithengiswa ekhaya naphesheya.
2.3 Amanye ama-ejenti okwandisa amaketanga anephunga elimnandi asebenza ngokukhethekile
Ngokukhula kwezinkambu ezisafufusa ze-polyurethane, ama-ejenti amasha okwandisa i-polyurethane kanye nobuchwepheshe bokufaka isicelo kuye kwakhuthazwa ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo semakethe ye-polyurethane.Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza asungule ama-ejenti wokunweba amaketanga ahlukahlukene asebenzayo.
I-Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) iwukunwetshwa kweketango eliqukethe ama-amin amino-free amabili e-beam, asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwezingubo zokuqukethwe ezingancibiliki noma eziqinile.Uma kuqhathaniswa nama-polyette ajwayelekile afuthayo, umkhiqizo unokusabela okusesilinganisweni, ukusebenza kahle kokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa, kanye nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu komkhiqizo.Ine-gloss enhle nemiphumela ebonakalayo ene-polycoges ekulungiseleleni i-fatty chloride polycisotripocyanate, ukuguquguquka okuhle kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, izinguquko eziphuzi ezimelana nokuphuzi, ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle, ukumelana nesimo sezulu esihle, nokuvikela isikhathi eside.Ngaphezu kwamabhuloho, imigudu, nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpawu zephansi nezimpawu zomgwaqo, ingasetshenziswa nasezintweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengezingubo zokuvikela kanye nezingubo zesikhumba eziyinhlanganisela yendiza enophephela emhlane yamandla omoya.Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nokukhuthazwa kwalo mkhiqizo kuzosiza ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yezingubo.
Ukusatshalaliswa (311) kwenhlanganisela ye-diharamine enephunga elimnandi ne-sodium chloride (311) kuwuhlobo lokuhambisana ne-diharamine enamakha kanye nosawoti we-inorganic.Ingakwazi ukuhambisana nezinhlobonhlobo ze-polyurethane pre-polystants ekamelweni lokushisa.Ifaneleka ngokukhethekile izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezinkulu.Imikhiqizo yendawo, i-microwave vulcanization, nezinye izikhathi ezidinga isikhathi eside sokusebenza, ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-ejenti yokwelapha ye-epoxy resin.Imikhiqizo efanayo ihlanganisa i-Caytur 31DA yase-United States, i-Xylink 311, i-Xiangyuan New Materials.
Amanye ama-ejenti okwelapha ngaphansi kwamanzi afana ne-oxidazole, i-ketone amine, njll. anganciphisa amathuba okugcoba noma eminye imikhiqizo ukukhiqiza ama-bubbles ekilasini eliphakathi lokuphulukisa, futhi inendawo yokuthuthukiswa.
三、 Isimo sokuthuthuka se-polyurethane chain expansion agents
Imboni yezwe lami yokwandisa i-polyurethane inesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa esibuthakathaka uma kuqhathaniswa.Ezinsukwini zokuqala, imakethe yasekhaya yokukhulisa i-polyurethane chain ibilokhu ilawulwa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene.Selokhu langena kuleli khulu leminyaka, iqembu lezinkampani zasendaweni zokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane elimelelwe i-Xiangyuan New Materials liphule ngempumelelo ukubusa kwamanye amazwe ngemuva kweminyaka ye-R & D kanye nokuqoqwa kobuchwepheshe.Eminye yemikhiqizo yezwe lami yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane isifinyelele izinga lemikhiqizo efanayo yamazwe ngamazwe.
Njenge-ejenti yokwandisa i-amine polyurethane, inqubo yokukhiqiza ye-MOCA ivuthiwe, izinzile, imaphakathi, futhi ifanelekile ekuphenduleni.Emkhakheni wokuthululela umzimba onwebekayo ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ezansi nomfula, ikakhulukazi uhlelo lwe-TDI, inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane iqongelele inani elikhulu lamafomula avuthiwe emikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ifomula evuthiwe Ukuqina nokusebenza kwe-Essence MOCA kuye kwahlolwa ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yemakethe kanye nekhasimende. ukuzijwayeza.Izindleko ziphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.Ngemva kweminyaka yokusetshenziswa, isivimbelo senqubo ethile senziwe.Inendima engenakushintshwa, futhi inkambu yohlelo lokusebenza ilokhu inweba njalo.
I-European Chemical Administration, njengesikhungo esiphethe isitifiketi se-EU Reach, yakhipha umbiko ngoNovemba 30, 2017. Ngemva kokuqhathanisa ubungozi bokuphepha, ukusebenza, kanye nezindleko zamanani, iphakamise ukuthi emkhakheni we-polyurethane elastic body, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-MOCA. Ukusebenza, ukuphumelela kwezindleko kanye nezinye izinzuzo zivelele, futhi okwamanje azikho ezinye izindlela.
Imboni yokwandisa i-polyurethane yaseShayina iqale sekwephuzile.Ezinsukwini zakuqala, ngenxa yezinga eliphansi lobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezingaqinile ezisekelayo, kanye namathalente e-R & D anganele, imakethe yasekhaya yokukhulisa iketango le-polyurethane iye yaphathwa amabhizinisi ahlukahlukene.Kuze kube yiminyaka yawo-1990, abakhiqizi abaningi basekhaya abakhulisa iketango le-polyurethane baphule ngempumelelo ukubusa kobuchwepheshe bangaphandle ngemva kweminyaka ye-R & D kanye nokunqwabelana kobuchwepheshe, nokusebenza kweminye imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane yokwandisa iketango yafinyelela ezingeni lemikhiqizo efanayo yamazwe ngamazwe.Ikakhulukazi, izinto ezintsha ze-Xiangyuan zihole ekwakheni idivayisi yokukhiqiza ye-MOCA eqhubekayo engu-10,000 -ton -level.Izinga lomkhiqizo kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe lifinyelele ezingeni eliphambili neliphambili emhlabeni.Njengamanje, abakhiqizi be-MOCA basekhaya bakwazile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ze-ionamine yamahhala.I-MOCA eyimbudumbudu kanye ne-high-temperature yellow-changing MOCA emikhiqizweni yochungechunge lwe-MOCA ithandwa imboni ye-polyurethane.
“Uhlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nambili Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lohlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nambili Lweminyaka Emihlanu “lwemboni ye-polyurethane luphakamisa ukuthi ngaphezu kokwandisa izinga lokukhiqiza lokunwetshwa kweketango eliphezulu le-MOCA, ukugqugquzelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti amasha okunweba amaketanga i-MCDEA, E-100. , HER, HQEE neminye imikhiqizo kufanele yandiswe.Ngokusekelwe emikhiqizweni yochungechunge lwe-MOCA, ngokuhlukahluka kwezinto nemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane, neminye imikhiqizo emisha yokwandisa iketango nayo isivele, yenza isakhiwo esihlukene ngemikhiqizo ye-MOCA.
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, imikhiqizo emisha yama-ejenti okwandisa amaketanga anuka kamnandi anezinzuzo ezithile ngesivinini sokuphendula, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukusebenza, ukuphepha nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Uhlelo lokusebenza luye lwavuthwa kancane kancane, futhi inani lesicelo liyaqhubeka nokukhula.Isibonelo, i-P-1000, i-P650, i-P250, i-740M, ngenxa yezici zayo eziluhlaza, ezinobungani bemvelo, ezingenabuthi, kancane kancane yavula imakethe yesicelo emikhakheni eminingi.Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthukiswa nokukhula kohlelo lwe-MDI oluhambisana nemvelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikali se-high -performance aromamatic diol dilateral dilation agents ezifana ne-HQEE kanye ne-HER ezihambisana kangcono futhi ezihambisana nohlelo lwe-MDI kuye kwanda kancane kancane, okwenza i-polyurethane elasticity. ukusebenza kahle komzimba okuhle kakhulu Ukusebenza okuqondile njengokumelana nokushisa namandla okudabula.Ngaphezu kokukhiqiza imikhiqizo yokuthulula, ingaphinda ikhiqize imikhiqizo ephezulu ye-thermoplastic elastomic, engakhululeka.Ezindaweni zokufaka izicelo ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kwezinto ze-polyurethane emazweni athuthukile nezinye izinto ze-polyurethane, ama-ejenti okwandisa amaketanga afana ne-740m, HQEE, HER afaka isicelo esijulile.I-ejenti entsha yokwandisa iketango inezinzuzo ezihlukanisayo ekuhlukaniseni okuthile, futhi umkhawulo wobuchwepheshe uphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa.Njengamanje, imakethe yasekhaya isesesigabeni sokuphromotha isicelo.
四, Iphethini yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokwandisa iketango le-polyurethane
Imboni ye-polyurethane eNyakatho Melika naseNtshonalanga Yurophu iqongelele amashumi eminyaka yentuthuko.Imboni inamandla aqinile ezobuchwepheshe embonini, futhi imakethe isivuthiwe.Ngasikhathi sinye, abathengi kulezi zindawo banezidingo eziphakeme zokusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane, futhi isidingo sama-ejenti amasha wokukhulisa amaketanga siyashesha kune-MOCA.Njengamanje, amazwe athuthukile njenge-Europe ne-United States athatha ingxenye enkulu yesidingo sama-ejenti amasha okwandisa amaketanga.
Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-polyurethane esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific nakwamanye amazwe asafufusa kuba yimbangela enkulu yesidingo se-polyurethane emhlabeni jikelele.Phakathi kwazo, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sesivele siyimakethe yabathengi ye-polyurethane enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ebalwa cishe ngama-48% wesabelo semakethe yomhlaba wonke;namanye amazwe asafufusa njenge-India, Brazil, Mexico, njll., isidingo se-polyurethane ezakhiweni, izinto zokwakha, impahla yasendlini nezinye izimboni siyanda.Kodwa-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile eYurophu nase-United States, ezinye zalezi zifunda kulezi zifunda zisesigabeni sokuqala sokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni.Zizwela kakhulu ngentengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe embonini ye-polyurethane futhi zinaka kakhulu izindleko nokusebenza kwezindleko.Ngokuzayo, ngokuzayo, le ndawo isazoqhubeka nesidingo esikhulu sama-MOCA abiza kakhulu.
Njengamanje, izinkampani ezinkulu zomhlaba jikelele zokunwetshwa kwe-polyurethane, njenge-Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., i-United States Air Chemical (ukutholwa kwe-Winchuang ngo-2016), kanye ne-United States Coco (etholwe ngu-Langsheng ngo-2017), njll. ., ilawulwa umhlaba wonke Iningi lesabelo semakethe yama-ejenti okwandisa amaketango, izinkampani ezincane ezingenakho ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni -uhlelo lwenyuvesi -locwaningo luqedwe umthelela wekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nentengo, kanye nokugxila kweketango. imboni yokwandisa inyuke kakhulu.Ngasikhathi sinye, izinkampani ezinkulu nazo zithembele emandleni emali eqinile kanye nesizinda socwaningo kanye nentuthuko ukuze zandise izinto ezingavuthiwe nezisezingeni lokukhiqiza umkhiqizo, futhi zisungule izisekelo zokukhiqiza ezisezingeni eliphakeme zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokuthengisa kanye nezikhungo ze-R & D ezindaweni ezinezinsiza ezinhle kakhulu, izimakethe, nezimo zabasebenzi.
5. Isimo samanje kanye nesiqondiso sokuthuthukiswa kwama-agent okwandisa i-polyurethane
Njengesengezo esibalulekile sezinto zokwakha ze-polyurethane, ama-ejenti okwandisa i-polyurethane asetshenziswa kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-CASE (okuhlanganisa ukumboza, ukunamathela, imizimba yokuvala kanye ne-elastic) ezintweni ze-polyurethane.Phakathi kwazo, umzimba we-polyurethane elastic uyinto yokwenziwa ye-polymer phakathi kwerabha ejwayelekile nepulasitiki.Inakho kokubili ukunwebeka okuphezulu kwerabha kanye nobulukhuni obuphezulu namandla aphezulu epulasitiki.Izikhathi ezi-5 kuye kweziyi-10), inedumela “lenkosi yenjoloba engagugi” futhi inamandla amahle emishini, ukumelana nowoyela, ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukumelana nokuguquguquka kanye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi nokusebenza kokushisa.Ngaphezu kohlobo olujwayelekile lokuthulula kanye nomzimba wokunwebeka we-thermoplastic polyurethane, i-polyurethane elastic body material ihlanganisa izinto zokunamathisela, okokunamathela, ukubekwa uphawu, izinto zokugandaya, izinto zodwa, isikhumba sokwenziwa, i-fiber, njll. eba izinto ezinwebekayo ze-polyurethane.Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lobuchwepheshe, ukunwebeka kwe-polyurethane kuye kwathathelwa indawo ngenjoloba, amapulasitiki, nezinsimbi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene efana nezimoto, izimayini, ukuphrinta, okokusebenza, ukucutshungulwa kwemishini, ezemidlalo kanye nezokuthutha.
Ngokwezibalo zama-ejensi afanele, ukusetshenziswa kwe-Chinese polyurethane CASE (i-elastic body, i-coatings, isikhumba sokwenziwa, ukuvala uphawu nezinamatheliso) ngo-2021 bekungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-7.77, kanti izinga lokukhula lonyaka lika-11.5% ngo-2016-2021 lalingu-11.5%.
I-elasticity ye-polyurethane yaseShayina ngo-2016 yayingamathani angu-925,000, futhi umphumela ngo-2021 wafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.5, ngezinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lika-10.2%;isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwezinga lokusetshenziswa kwaba ngu-12.5%.Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo-2025, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane elastic body okukhiphayo kwezwe lami kuzofinyelela kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.059, okusazoba sesimweni sokuthuthuka ngokushesha.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyurethane elastomers emhlabeni wonke kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.52 ngo-2016 kanye namathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.539 ngo-2021, ngezinga lokukhula eliyinhlanganisela yonyaka lika-7.0%.Ngo-2025, ukukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke kwe-polyurethane elastomer kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumathani ayizigidi ezi-4.495, okukhombisa ukuthuthuka okusheshayo nokuqhubekayo.
I-thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqoka.Amandla ayo aqinile aphakeme, anwetshiwe, amelana nowoyela, ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, nokumelana ne-ozone kuvelele, futhi ububanzi bobulukhuni bubanzi.Eminyakeni yakamuva, ukusetshenziswa kwemakethe kwe-TPU kunwetshiwe kusuka embonini yezicathulo kuya ezimakethe ezisezingeni eliphezulu njengezemithi, ezondiza, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.Ngokwezibalo, kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2021, isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwenhlanganisela yokukhiqizwa kwe-TPU eChina sasiphezulu njenge-14.5%.Ngo-2021, ukuphuma kwe-TPU yezwe lami kwakungamathani angama-645,000.izwe lami seliyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni elikhiqiza i-TPU.Okukhiphayo kanye nengqikithi yokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kukhule kancane kancane eminyakeni yamuva.
Ngokombono wesidingo, imakethe ye-TPU yomhlaba wonke njengamanje igxile eYurophu, e-United States, nasezifundeni zase-Asia-Pacific.Phakathi kwazo, isifunda sase-Asia esiholwa yiChina siyimakethe yesifunda eshesha kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwe-TPU emhlabeni jikelele.Ngokwezibalo ze-Elastic Special Committee ye-China Polyurethane Industry Association, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane ezweni lami ngo-2018 kwafinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-11.3, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers (TPU + CPU) cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.1% .
I-TPU isengomunye wemikhiqizo ekhula ngokushesha ku-polyurethane esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.izwe lami seliyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni labathengi be-TPU.Ngokwezibalo, isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwesilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwe-TPU yaseChina ngo-2017-2021 sasiphezulu safinyelela ku-12.9%, lapho ukusetshenziswa okuphelele ngo-2021 kwakungamathani angama-602,000, okuwukunyuka ngo-11.6% ngonyaka.Ngokusekelwe ekuphumeni kwe-TPU yomhlaba wonke kwamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.09 ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwe-TPU yasekhaya kweqe ingxenye yomhlaba.Esikhathini esizayo, izidingo zezimpahla zezicathulo, ifilimu, amapayipi, nezintambo zizoba namandla kakhulu.Emkhakheni wemishini yezokwelapha, izintambo zekhebula, nefilimu, izophinde ithathe indawo yezinto ze-PVC zendabuko.Kungenzeka kakhulu ukufaka esikhundleni se-Eva emkhakheni wezinto zezicathulo.Kulindeleke ukuthi i-TPU ihlale iyi-10 esikhathini esizayo 10 10 %Noma umkhuba wokukhula ongaphezulu.Kulindeleke ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuzofinyelela amathani angaba ngu-900,000 ngo-2026.
Ngokukhula kancane kancane kwesikali sokukhiqiza, izindleko zemikhiqizo yokunwebeka ye-polyurethane ziphansi, izinhlobonhlobo zihluke kakhulu, isidingo sezimakethe sesithuthukile, nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kuyashesha.Ngesikhathi “soHlelo Lweminyaka Eyishumi Nane”, imboni ye-Case kufanele ikhuthaze ngamandla ukuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ngendlela egxile emanzini, engancibiliki, futhi eqinile;ukwandisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CASE kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwesakhiwo esiyisisekelo sempahla eluhlaza, egxile ku-polytianmen water -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Application;ukugxila ekwenzeni ucwaningo oluyisisekelo lwethiyori nobunjiniyela bobunjiniyela olusekelwe emanzini;ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha, kwandiswe inkundla yokufakwa kwezicelo, futhi kukhuthaze ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda entsha kwezokuthutha zikaloliwe, umgwaqo onguthelawayeka, umhubhe wamabhuloho, ukudluliswa kwamandla, njll. Nokusetshenziswa komkhakha wezokwelapha;ukugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe kwe-polyurethane adhesives ye-zero formaldehyde ukwengeza amapuleti okwenziwa;thuthukisa imikhiqizo ye-ammonia ehlukene, esebenzayo, nenenani eliphakeme;qinisa ucwaningo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa i-polyurethane yesakhiwo sempahla engangeni manzi, ukusebenza, isikhathi sokuqina;Thuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-polyurethane ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngaphambili.
Izikhombisi-ndlela eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwenkambu ye-elastomer yilezi:
Polyurethane elastomers for izimoto.Imboni yezimoto yanamuhla ithuthukela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, ikhwalithi ephezulu, isisindo esincane, ukunethezeka nokuphepha.Izinto zokwenziwa zenjoloba nepulasitiki kancane kancane zithatha indawo yezinto zensimbi, okuvula ithemba elibanzi kakhulu lokusetshenziswa kwe-polyurethane elastomers.
Polyurethane elastomers ukwakha.I-asphalt yendabuko yazizwa izinto ezingangeni manzi kancane kancane yathathelwa indawo yizinto eziqinile, ezihlanganisa ukwakhiwa kwe-polyurethane engangeni manzi;Ukusetshenziswa kwethrekhi yezemidlalo ye-polyurethane kuyanda futhi kubanzi.Ukunwetshwa kwamabhuloho amakhulu, indawo yokulala yesitimela esinesivinini esikhulu, umzila wezindiza zezindiza kanye ne-caulking yomgwaqo omkhulu nawo enziwa kancane kancane nge-PVC elastomer eqiniswa ekamelweni lokushisa.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetshenziswa kwami.Kunesidingo esikhulu sezinto ezingezona ezensimbi ezinokumelana nokugqokwa okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu kanye nokunwebeka ezimayini zamalahle, ezimayini zensimbi nezingezona ezensimbi.
I-polyurethane elastomer yezicathulo.I-Polychloride ester elasticity inezinzuzo zokusebenza okuhle kwe-buffering, isisindo esilula, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokushushuluza, njalonjalo, isiphenduke into ebalulekile esekelayo embonini yezicathulo.
I-polyurethane elastomer yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.I-biocompatibility enhle, ukusebenzisana kwegazi futhi azikho izithasiselo ziyizizathu ezibalulekile zokusetshenziswa kwezinto ze-TPU ne-CPU emkhakheni wezokwelapha.Ukusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wezokwelapha nempilo kubanzi kakhulu.
Ishidi elisha eliyinhlanganisela ye-polyurethane.Ubuchwepheshe bezinto ezihlanganisiwe kulindeleke ukuthi bulethe isikhathi esisha sokuqhuma kwemakethe kwama-polyurethane elastomers.
六、Polyurethane chain extension industry "14th Five -Year Plan" umkhuba wokuthuthukiswa
Ngokombono womhlaba wonke, ukuthuthuka okusheshayo kwenkundla yezokwakha, imboni yezimoto, imishini yezobunhloli be-elekthronikhi, izimboni zamandla amasha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo kuye kwaqhuba kakhulu isidingo semikhiqizo ye-polyurethane.Imidondoshiya ye-polyurethane yomhlaba wonke iyaqhubeka nokusungula ubuchwepheshe nokusebenzisa, futhi izoqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo emisha ye-polyurethane.Ngokunwetshwa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane emkhakheni kanye nobubanzi bemakethe yetheminali esezansi nomfula, isidingo esihlukene semikhiqizo ye-polyurethane sizogqugquzela ukusungulwa okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwama-ejenti we-polyurethane chain agents.
Eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-polyurethane kwezinye izindawo ze-niche nakho kuzothuthuka ngokushesha.Ochwepheshe bezimboni bahlaziya ukuthi isidingo somhlaba wonke se-polyurethane sizokhuphuka ngenani lika-4.5% ngonyaka.Phakathi kwazo, isilinganiso sonyaka sokukhula kwesidingo se-polyurethane silinganiselwa ku-5.7% emikhakheni yesiqandisi, izicathulo, izindwangu, ezokungcebeleka neminye imikhakha.Isidingo emkhakheni womkhiqizo sikhuphuke kancane, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi sibe cishe ngama-3.3% ngonyaka.Amazwe asafufusa esifundeni sase-Asia-Pacific asekelwe ubuchwepheshe obusha bokwandisa izinhlelo zokusebenza eziwela phansi, futhi isidingo sama-polyurethanes sizofinyelela izinga lokukhula elinamadijithi amabili unyaka ngamunye.
Njengempahla ebalulekile embonini ye-polyurethane, imboni yezwe lami ehlanganisa i-polyurethane kufanele isebenzise ngokungaguquki umqondo omusha wokuthuthukiswa.Ngezansi, ingqikithi yokugqugquzela ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni ye-polyurethane, ngokuqondiswa kokuthuthukisa imboni ye-polyurethane ukuze kusheshiswe ukwakhiwa kwephethini entsha yentuthuko ye-"dual -cycle", egxile ekuhlaza, e-low -carbon, kanye nedijithali. uguquko., Ukusheshisa ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwesimanje lwezimboni, kugqugquzele “ukusilela” kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, “ukubamba okuphezulu” okubalulekile kobuchwepheshe, “vula umgwaqo omusha” emikhiqizweni evamile, futhi kukhuthaze izwe lami ukuthi lisuke ku-polyurethane liye endaweni izwe eliqinile.
Njengamanje, i-polyurethane chain extender isiphenduke enye yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ze-polyurethane kumaphrojekthi amakhulu wengqalasizinda kazwelonke.Imboni ye-polyurethane chain extender ikhulisa utshalomali olusha, ithuthukela ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kanye nekhwalithi ephezulu.Ukugxila ezidingweni ze-aerospace, ulwazi lwe-elekthronikhi, amandla amasha, izimoto, ujantshi wejubane eliphezulu, ezokuthutha ujantshi, imigwaqo emikhulu, amabhuloho amakhulu, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nezimboni zokuvikela zikazwelonke, ukuguqulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe entsha ye-polyurethane chain extender kuyasheshiswa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinga lokuthuthuka eliphelele lomkhakha we-polyurethane.
Indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-polyurethane chain extender ukuthuthukisa izinga eliphezulu, imikhiqizo ye-green chain extender enokusebenza okwengeziwe kokuvikela imvelo.Ayihlanzekile futhi ayinakungcola kuphela ohlelweni lokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi iphephile futhi iluhlaza enqubweni yokusetshenziswa ukukhuthaza inqubo yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-polyurethane eluhlaza.Okwesibili, ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa ekhona chain extender imikhiqizo, ukuze ekhona professional chain extender egcwele ubungqabavu isicelo esisha.Izinga lobuchwepheshe lamanye amabhizinisi asekhaya e-polyurethane chain extender lilingana nelezinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe lwesicelo luyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe abasebenzisi abaningi babone ukuphakama kwemikhiqizo, ikakhulukazi ukukhuthaza imikhiqizo ye-diamine enephunga eliwuketshezi ngokusebenza okulula nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu, futhi ukwenza umthelela we-synergistic we-chain extender ukonga amandla nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa nezindleko.Okwesithathu ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo emisha ngokwesidingo semakethe, ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu efanelekile futhi ephakeme embonini ye-polyurethane, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemakethe engezansi nokwandisa ububanzi bokufaka isicelo.
Okwezinto ezinwebekayo ze-polyurethane, i-chain extender iyisengezo esibalulekile nesibalulekile esinenani elikhulu nenani eliphakeme elingeziwe, elibaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza komkhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinto ze-polyurethane ngisho namapulasitiki e-foam, i-polyurethane chain extender inomphumela osobala ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza komkhiqizo.Embonini ye-polyurethane, indawo yemakethe ye-polyurethane chain extender inkulu.Ukuze ukhuthaze futhi uhole ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi ephezulu yemboni ye-polyurethane, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ucwaningo lwesicelo nokukhuthazwa kwe-polyurethane chain extender, futhi kuthuthukiswe izinhlobo ezingcono kakhulu ze-polyurethane chain extender ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokunaka impilo, amandla. ukonga, ukuphepha kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusebenza kwezicelo, ukuze kube negalelo elikhulu empilweni engcono yabantu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-08-2023