Umthelela “Wezintela Ezihambisanayo” zase-US Eketangeni Lemboni Ye-Hydrocarbon Elinuka Kahle LaseShayina

Emkhakheni wezimboni ze-aromatic hydrocarbon, cishe akukho ukuhweba okuqondile kwemikhiqizo ye-aromatic phakathi kwezwekazi laseShayina ne-United States. Kodwa-ke, i-US ingenisa ingxenye enkulu yemikhiqizo yayo ye-aromatic evela e-Asia, kanti abahlinzeki base-Asia babiza u-40-55% wokungeniswa kwe-benzene, i-paraxylene (PX), i-toluene, kanye ne-xylenes exubile e-US. Imiphumela ebalulekile ihlaziywa ngezansi:

I-Benzene

I-China incike kakhulu ekuthengeni i-benzene, kanti iNingizimu Korea ingumhlinzeki wayo oyinhloko. I-China kanye ne-US bangabathengi be-benzene ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokuhwebelana okuqondile phakathi kwabo, okunciphisa umthelela oqondile wentela emakethe ye-benzene yaseShayina. Ngo-2024, izimpahla zaseNingizimu Korea zazibalelwa ku-46% wezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ze-benzene zase-US. Ngokusho kwedatha yamasiko yaseNingizimu Korea, iNingizimu Korea yathumela ngaphezu kwamathani angu-600,000 e-benzene e-US ngo-2024. Kodwa-ke, kusukela kwikota yesi-4 ka-2023, ifasitela lokuphikisana phakathi kweNingizimu Korea ne-US lavalwa, laqondisa kabusha ukugeleza kwe-benzene yaseNingizimu Korea eShayina—umthengi omkhulu we-benzene e-Asia kanye nemakethe enentengo ephezulu—okwandisa kakhulu ingcindezi yokungenisa impahla eShayina. Uma intela yase-US ibekwa ngaphandle kokukhululwa kwe-benzene esekelwe kuphethiloli, izimpahla zomhlaba wonke ezazihloselwe i-US ekuqaleni zingathuthela eShayina, zigcine inani eliphezulu lokungenisa. Ngaphansi, ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo etholakala kwi-benzene (isb., izinto zasekhaya, izindwangu) kungabhekana nempendulo engemihle ngenxa yokwenyuka kwentela.

 I-Toluene

Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-toluene eShayina kukhule kancane eminyakeni yamuva nje, ikakhulukazi kugxile eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNdiya, ngokuhweba okuqondile okuncane ne-US. Kodwa-ke, i-US ingenisa inani elikhulu le-toluene elivela e-Asia, okuhlanganisa amathani angu-230,000 avela eNingizimu Korea ngo-2024 (57% wenani eliphelele le-toluene e-US). Izindleko zase-US zingaphazamisa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwe-toluene eSouth Korea e-US, okwandisa ukuphakelwa ngokweqile e-Asia futhi kuqinise ukuncintisana ezimakethe ezifana neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia naseNdiya, okungenzeka kunciphise isabelo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kweShayina.

Ama-Xylenes

I-China isalokhu ingumthengisi ophelele wama-xylene axubile, ngaphandle kokuhwebelana ngqo ne-US. I-US ingenisa inani elikhulu lama-xylene, ikakhulukazi evela eNingizimu Korea (57% yokungeniswa kwe-US ngaphansi kwekhodi ye-HS 27073000). Kodwa-ke, lo mkhiqizo ufakiwe ohlwini lokukhululwa kwentela yase-US, okunciphisa umthelela emisebenzini ye-arbitrage yase-Asia-US.

I-Styrene

I-US ingumthengisi we-styrene emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi ehlinzeka ngeMexico, iNingizimu Melika, kanye neYurophu, ngokungeniswa okuncane kakhulu (amathani angu-210,000 ngo-2024, cishe wonke avela eCanada). Imakethe ye-styrene yaseShayina igcwele kakhulu, futhi izinqubomgomo zokulwa nokulahla imfucuza ziye zavimba isikhathi eside ukuhweba nge-styrene yase-US-China. Kodwa-ke, i-US ihlela ukufaka intela engu-25% ku-benzene yaseNingizimu Korea, okungase kwandise kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa kwe-styrene yase-Asia. Okwamanje, ukuthunyelwa kwemishini yasekhaya eChina encike ku-styrene (isb., ama-air conditioner, amafriji) kubhekene nentela ephezulu yase-US (kufika ku-~80%), okuzothinta kakhulu lo mkhakha. Ngakho-ke, intela yase-US izothinta kakhulu imboni ye-styrene yaseShayina ngokukhuphuka kwezindleko kanye nesidingo esibuthakathaka.

I-Paraxylene (PX)

I-China ayithumeli ngaphandle i-PX futhi ithembele kakhulu ekuthunyelweni okuvela eNingizimu Korea, eJapan, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ngaphandle kokuhwebelana okuqondile ne-US. Ngo-2024, iNingizimu Korea yahlinzeka ngo-22.5% wezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ze-US PX (amathani angu-300,000, u-6% wezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zeNingizimu Korea). Izindleko zase-US zingase zinciphise ukugeleza kwe-PX yaseNingizimu Korea eya e-US, kodwa noma ngabe iqondiswa kabusha eShayina, inani lizoba nomthelela olinganiselwe. Sekukonke, intela yase-US-China izothinta kancane ukuhlinzekwa kwe-PX kodwa ingacindezela ngokungaqondile ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezindwangu nezingubo.

"Izindleko zokushintshana" zase-US zizokwakha kabusha ukugeleza kokuhweba komhlaba wonke kwama-hydrocarbon aromatic kunokuba ziphazamise ngqo ukuhweba phakathi kweShayina ne-US. Izingozi ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi ukuphakelwa ngokweqile ezimakethe zase-Asia, ukuncintisana okuqinile kwezindawo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nengcindezi evela emananini aphezulu ezimpahla eziqediwe (isb., izinto zikagesi, izindwangu). Imboni ye-aromatic yaseShayina kumele ihambe ngezintambo zokuphakelwa eziqondiswa kabusha futhi izivumelanise namaphethini esidingo somhlaba wonke ashintshashintshayo.