Ngonyaka odlule ka-2022, imakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yasekhaya ibonise ukwehla okunengqondo iyonke. Ngokwezibalo ezivela emaqenjini ebhizinisi, ama-64% emikhiqizo yamakhemikhali eyinhloko engu-106 eqashwe ngo-2022, ama-64% emikhiqizo yehle, ama-36% emikhiqizo yehle. Imakethe yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ibonise izigaba ezintsha zamandla ezikhulayo, ukwehla kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yendabuko, ukuzinzisa izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo Iphethini. Ochungechungeni lwe-“Review of the 2022 Chemical Market” oluqalwe kulolu hlelo, kuzokhethwa imikhiqizo ekhuphukayo neyawayo ephezulu ukuze ihlaziywe.
Akungabazeki ukuthi u-2022 yisikhathi esiphezulu emakethe kasawoti we-lithium. I-lithium hydroxide, i-lithium carbonate, i-lithium iron phosphate, kanye ne-phosphate ore zithathe izihlalo ezi-4 eziphezulu ohlwini lokukhula kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, ngokulandelana. Ikakhulukazi, imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide, umculo oyinhloko wezindlela ezikhuphukayo neziphezulu unyaka wonke, ekugcineni yafika phezulu ohlwini lokukhula konyaka okungu-155.38%.
Imijikelezo emibili yokudonsa okunamandla kanye nokuphakama okusungula izinto ezintsha
Umkhuba wemakethe ye-lithium hydroxide ngo-2022 ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu. Ekuqaleni kuka-2022, imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide yavula imakethe ngentengo emaphakathi engu-216,700 yuan (intengo yamathani, efanayo ngezansi). Ngemuva kokwenyuka okukhulu kwikota yokuqala, yagcina izinga eliphezulu kwikota yesibili neyesithathu. Intengo emaphakathi yama-yuan ayi-10,000 yaphela, futhi unyaka wanda ngo-155.38%.
Kwikota yokuqala ka-2022, ukwanda kwekota emakethe ye-lithium hydroxide kufinyelele ku-110.77%, okwathi ngoFebhuwari kwakhuphuka kwaba unyaka omkhulu kunayo yonke, kwafinyelela ku-52.73%. Ngokusho kwezibalo ezivela emaqenjini ebhizinisi, kulesi sigaba, kusekelwa yi-ore ephezulu, futhi intengo ye-lithium lithium carbonate iqhubekile nokusekela i-lithium hydroxide. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinto zokusetshenziswa eziqinile, izinga lokusebenza lilonke le-lithium hydroxide lehle laya cishe ku-60%, kanti indawo yokuhlinzeka yayincane. Isidingo se-lithium hydroxide kubakhiqizi bamabhethri e-nickel ternary aphansi sikhuphuke, futhi ukungafani kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo kukhuthaze ukwenyuka okukhulu kwentengo ye-lithium hydroxide.
Kwikota yesibili neyesithathu ka-2022, imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide ibonise ukuthambekela okuphezulu kokuguquguquka, kanti intengo emaphakathi ikhuphuke kancane ngo-0.63% kulo mjikelezo. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuMeyi ka-2022, i-lithium carbonate yaba buthaka. Amanye amandla amasha abanye abakhiqizi be-lithium hydroxide akhishwe, ukuphakelwa okuphelele kwanda, isidingo sokuthengwa kwendawo yasekhaya siye sehla, kanti imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide yabonakala iphezulu. Kusukela ngoJuni 2022, intengo ye-lithium carbonate yaphakanyiswa kancane ukusekela izimo zemakethe ze-lithium hydroxide, kuyilapho intshiseko yophenyo olungezansi yathuthukiswa kancane. Yafinyelela ku-481,700 yuan.
Ukungena kwikota yesine ka-2022, imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide yaphinde yakhuphuka, ngokwanda kwekota ngo-14.88%. Esimweni sesizini esiphezulu, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kulesi sikhungo kukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi kunzima ukuthola imakethe. Inqubomgomo yokuxhaswa kwamandla amasha ebekwe ngaphezulu isondela ekupheleni kokuphela, futhi ezinye izinkampani zezimoto zizolungiselela kusengaphambili ukushayela imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide yesidingo esinamandla samabhethri wamandla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ethintekile ubhubhane lwasekhaya, ukunikezwa kwemakethe kuncane, futhi imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide izokhuphuka futhi. Ngemuva kwaphakathi noNovemba 2022, intengo ye-lithium carbonate yehla, futhi imakethe ye-lithium hydroxide yehla kancane, futhi intengo yokugcina yavalwa ku-553,300 yuan.
Ukunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu akutholakali kalula
Uma ngibheka emuva ngo-2022, akugcini nje ngokukhuphuka kwemakethe ye-lithium hydroxide njengothingo, kodwa neminye imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-lithium salt series isebenze kahle kakhulu. I-Lithium carbonate inyuke ngo-89.47%, i-lithium iron phosphate inyuke ngo-58.1% ngonyaka, kanti ukwanda kwaminyaka yonke kwe-phosphorus ore ye-lithium iron phosphate nakho kufinyelele ku-53.94%. I-Essence Imboni ikholelwa ukuthi isizathu esiyinhloko sokwanda okukhulu kwe-lithium salt ngo-2022 ukuthi izindleko zemithombo ye-lithium ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okuholele ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kokuntuleka kokunikezwa kwe-lithium salt, ngaleyo ndlela kusunduze intengo ye-lithium salt.
Ngokusho kwabasebenzi abasha bokumaketha amabhethri kagesi eLiaoning, i-lithium hydroxide ihlukaniswe kakhulu ngemizila emibili yokukhiqiza ye-lithium hydroxide kanye ne-salt lake elungiselela i-lithium hydroxide kanye ne-salt lake. I-lithium hydroxide ngemuva kwe-industrial-grade lithium carbonate. Ngo-2022, amabhizinisi asebenzisa i-lithium hydroxide esebenzisa i-pylori ayengaphansi kwemithombo yamaminerali emincane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amandla okukhiqiza i-lithium hydroxide anqunyelwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemithombo ye-lithium. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwamanje kunenqwaba yabakhiqizi be-lithium hydroxide abaqinisekiswe yi-faucet yebhethri yamazwe ngamazwe, ngakho-ke ukunikezwa kwe-lithium hydroxide ephezulu kunqunyelwe kakhulu.
Umhlaziyi we-Ping An Securities uChen Xiao ukhombe embikweni wocwaningo ukuthi inkinga yezinto zokusetshenziswa iyisici esibalulekile sokuphazamiseka kochungechunge lwemboni yamabhethri e-lithium. Emizileni yokuphakamisa i-lithium echibini likasawoti, ngenxa yokupholisa kwesimo sezulu, ukuhwamuka kwamachibi kasawoti kuyancipha, futhi ukuhlinzekwa kunesidingo sokuhlinzekwa, ikakhulukazi kwikota yokuqala neyesine. Ngenxa yezimfanelo zemithombo ye-lithium iron phosphate ezingatholakali kalula, ngenxa yezimfanelo zemithombo yemithombo ezingatholakali kalula, ukuhlinzekwa kwezindawo akwanele futhi kwakhuthaza izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza, futhi ukwanda kwaminyaka yonke kwafinyelela ku-53.94%.
Isidingo samandla amasha esigungwini sikhuphuke
Njengezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zamabhethri e-lithium ion ane-nickel ternary, ukukhula okunamandla kwesidingo sezimboni zezimoto ezintsha zamandla kunikeze isisusa somthombo kunokwenyuka kwamanani e-lithium hydroxide.
I-Ping An Securities iveze ukuthi imakethe entsha yesiteshi samandla iqhubekile nokuba namandla ngo-2022, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kusamangalisa. Ukukhiqizwa kwamafektri amabhethri angaphansi kwe-lithium hydroxide kuyasebenza, futhi isidingo samabhethri e-nickel ternary aphezulu kanye ne-iron lithium siyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela kwi-China Automobile Association, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2022, ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla bekuyizigidi ezingu-6.253 kanye nezigidi ezingu-60.67, ngokulandelana, okuwukwenyuka okumaphakathi konyaka nonyaka, kanti isabelo semakethe sifinyelele ku-25%.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsiza kanye nesidingo esikhulu, intengo kasawoti we-lithium njenge-lithium hydroxide ikhuphuke kakhulu, kanti uchungechunge lwemboni kagesi ye-lithium seluwele “ekukhathazekeni”. Bobabili abahlinzeki bezinto zamabhethri kagesi, abakhiqizi kanye nabakhiqizi bezimoto ezintsha zamandla bandisa ukuthengwa kwabo kukasawoti we-lithium. Ngo-2022, abakhiqizi bezinto zamabhethri abaningana basayine izinkontileka zokuphakelwa nabahlinzeki be-lithium hydroxide. Inkampani ephethwe ngokuphelele yi-Avchem Group yasayina inkontileka yokuphakelwa kwe-lithium hydroxide yebanga lebhethri ne-Axix. Isayine nezinkontileka nenkampani engaphansi kwe-Tianhua Super Clean i-Tianyi Lithium kanye ne-Sichuan Tianhua yemikhiqizo ye-lithium hydroxide yebanga lebhethri.
Ngaphezu kwezinkampani zamabhethri, izinkampani zezimoto nazo zincintisana ngenkuthalo ngempahla ye-lithium hydroxide. Ngo-2022, kubikwa ukuthi iMercedes-Benz, iBMW, iGeneral Motors nezinye izinkampani zezimoto zisayine izivumelwano zokuphakelwa kwe-lithium hydroxide yebanga lebhethri, kanti iTesla iphinde yathi izokwakha isitshalo samakhemikhali se-lithium hydroxide yebanga lebhethri, singene ngqo emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali e-lithium.
Sekukonke, amathuba okukhula akhulayo embonini yezimoto ezintsha zamandla alethe isidingo esikhulu semakethe se-lithium hydroxide, kanti ukushoda kwezinsizakusebenza ze-lithium ezikhuphukayo kuholele ekutheni umthamo wokukhiqiza we-lithium hydroxide ulinganiselwe, okwandisa intengo yayo yemakethe ibe sezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-02-2023