Unyaka ophansi odlule ukhuphuke kakhulu! Imakethe yamakhemikhali yasekhaya yangenisa "ukuvulwa komnyango"
NgoJanuwari 2023, ngaphansi kwesimo sokubuyisa kancane kancane uhlangothi lwesidingo, imakethe yamakhemikhali yasekhaya yaphenduka yaba bomvu kancane kancane.
Ngokusho kokuqapha idatha yamakhemikhali ebanzi, kumakhemikhali angu-67 engxenyeni yokuqala kaJanuwari, kwakukhona imikhiqizo ekhuphukayo engu-38, ebalelwa ku-56.72%. Phakathi kwayo, i-dyshane, uphethiloli, kanye nophethiloli kukhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-10%.
▷ I-Butadiene: iyaqhubeka nokukhula
Ekuqaleni konyaka abakhiqizi abahamba phambili baqoqe ama-yuan angu-500/ton, uhlangothi lwesidingo sesimo esincane esihle, amanani e-butadiene ayaqhubeka nokukhuphuka. EMpumalanga yeShayina, intengo ye-butadiene can self-extraction ibhekisela cishe kuma-yuan angu-8200-8300/ton, okungama-yuan angu-150/ton uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esidlule. INyakatho yeShayina i-butadiene ivame kakhulu entengo yama-yuan angu-8700-8850/ton, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-yuan angu-+325/ton.
Amafu azoba namafu ngo-2022, kodwa ingabe azocaca ngo-2023?
Ukuphela kuka-2022 kwaletha izinselelo ezinkulu zomnotho womhlaba wonke ezathinta kabi abakhiqizi bamakhemikhali. Ukwehla kwamandla emali okuphezulu kuholele amabhange amakhulu ukuba athathe isinyathelo esinamandla, okwehlisa umnotho e-United States nakwamanye amazwe. Ingxabano eqhubekayo phakathi kweRussia ne-Ukraine isongela ukwehlisa umnotho waseMpumalanga Yurophu, futhi imiphumela yokuchitheka kwamanani aphezulu kagesi ilimaza umnotho waseNtshonalanga Yurophu kanye nomnotho wemakethe osafufusa othembele emandleni angeniswa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokudla.
Ubhubhane oluphindaphindayo ezindaweni eziningi eShayina luye lwaphazamisa ukuhamba kwempahla, ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza okulinganiselwe kwamabhizinisi, kwanciphisa izimboni zomnotho omkhulu kanye nezokwehla, futhi kwavimbela isidingo samakhemikhali. Ngenxa yezici ezifana nezingxabano zomhlaba wonke zezwe kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo le-Federal Reserve, amanani kawoyela negesi omhlaba wonke akhuphuka kuqala abese ehla unyaka wonke futhi agcina ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokubanzi. Ngaphansi kwengcindezi ekupheleni kwezindleko zemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, amanani akhuphuka kuqala abese ehla. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezici eziningi ezifana nesidingo esibuthakathaka, ukwehla kwentengo kanye nengcindezi yezindleko, isimo sebhizinisi sonyaka semboni yamakhemikhali eyisisekelo sehle kakhulu, futhi inani lemboni lehle laya ebangeni eliphansi cishe iminyaka emi-5-10.
Ngokusho kwedatha ye-New Century, kumakota amathathu okuqala ka-2022, imali engenayo yokusebenza yamabhizinisi esampula yanda kodwa inzuzo yokusebenza yehla kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu basebenze kahle, kuyilapho izimboni ze-fiber zamakhemikhali kanye namakhemikhali amahle atholakala phansi kochungechunge lwezimboni zibhekene nezindleko eziphezulu zezinto zokusetshenziswa, isidingo esiphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi kokusebenza. Ukukhula kwezimpahla ezihleliwe kanye nesilinganiso sokwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi esampula kwehle, kanye nokuhlukaniswa okuhlukene kwahluka. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani ezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi yempahla, isilinganiso sempahla kanye nama-akhawunti atholakalayo emabhizinisi esampula sanda kakhulu, izinga lokushintshana kwempahla lehla, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokusebenza kwehle. Imali engenayo yokusebenza ehlanganisiwe yamabhizinisi esampula yehla unyaka nonyaka, igebe lezimali lezixhumanisi ezingezona ezezimali landa kakhulu, isilinganiso sokuxhaswa kwezikweletu senkampani yesampula sanda, umthwalo wesikweletu wanda, kanye nesilinganiso sempahla nesibopho sanda.
Ngokuphathelene nenzuzo, inzuzo iyonke yemakethe yamakhemikhali ibonise ukwehla okusobala uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule.
Ngakho-ke ngo-2023, ingabe imboni yamakhemikhali izothuthuka?
Ukuchuma kwemboni yamakhemikhali eyisisekelo kuthinteka kakhulu yizinguquko eziqhubekayo zomnotho. Ngo-2022, ingcindezi yokwehla komnotho womhlaba yanda. Engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, umkhuba wentengo yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali wawunamandla. Ngokusobala, ubuthakathaka kanye nokusekelwa okunganele kwentengo, engxenyeni yesibili yonyaka, intengo yemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali yehla ngokushesha ngentengo yamandla. Ngo-2023, umnotho wezwe lami kulindeleke ukuthi ululame kancane kancane ngemuva kokwenziwa ngcono kwezinqubomgomo zokuvimbela ubhubhane, okwenza isidingo sabathengi silulame. Ukuhlehliswa kwezinqubomgomo zomthetho wezindlu kulindeleke ukuthi kukhulise isidingo samakhemikhali ahlobene nezindlu. Isidingo sezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali emkhakheni kulindeleke ukuthi siqhubeke nokuchuma okuphezulu.
Uhlangothi lwesidingo: Ukulawulwa kobhubhane lwasekhaya sekuphakanyisiwe, imakethe yezindlu ikhululiwe, futhi umnotho wezwe lonke kulindeleke ukuthi ulungiswe kancane kancane. Ngo-2022, ubhubhane lwaphinde lwaqubuka ezindaweni eziningi eShayina, futhi amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni nezimboni ayeka ukukhiqiza ngezigaba. Ukusebenza komnotho wezwe lonke kwakubuthakathaka futhi izinga lokukhula kwezimboni eziningi ezingaphansi komhlaba, njengezindlu, izinto zasendlini, izindwangu nezingubo, namakhompyutha, lehla kakhulu noma laphinde labuyela ekukhuleni okungekuhle. Isidingo esilinganiselwe sezimboni ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye namanani aphezulu amakhemikhali, kuhlangene nesimo sobhubhane, izinto zokuhamba azihambi kahle futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukufika ngesikhathi, okuyinto ngezinga elithile evimbela isidingo samakhemikhali kanye nesheduli yokulethwa kwama-oda. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, imboni yezindlu yaseShayina izothola imicibisholo emithathu yokutakula, futhi ukulawula ubhubhane kuzokhishwa ngokusemthethweni ngokukhishwa kwe-"New Ten Actions" ye-State Council. Ngo-2023, umnotho wezwe lonke kulindeleke ukuthi ulungiswe kancane kancane, futhi isidingo semikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ukuthuthuka okuncane njengoba izimboni ezingaphansi komhlaba zibuyela kancane kancane ekusebenzeni okujwayelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithwalo yamanje yolwandle yehlile, futhi i-RMB yehle kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika ngaphansi kokusebenza kokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo okuphindaphindiwe kwe-Federal Reserve, okulindeleke ukuthi kube kuhle ekudingweni nasekulethweni kwama-oda okuthumela amakhemikhali asekhaya ngo-2023.
Uhlangothi lokuhlinzeka: Ukwanda kwethrekhi okukhulayo kanye nokusheshisa, okuhola ibhizinisi elinamandla iHengqiang. Iqhutshwa yizidingo zemboni yesiphelo esikhulayo, imikhiqizo emisha yezinto ezibonakalayo izoba amandla abalulekile okuqhuba ukukhula kwemboni. Imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali izovame ukuthuthukisa intuthuko ephezulu, futhi ukuhlushwa kanye nomphumela oholayo wezimboni ezahlukahlukene ezihlukanisiwe kuzothuthukiswa kakhulu.
Uhlangothi lwezinto zokusetshenziswa: Uwoyela ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe ungase uthuthuke kakhulu. Sekukonke, kulindeleke ukuthi amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe azogcina izinhlobo eziningi zezitayela eziguquguqukayo. Isikhungo sokusebenza kwamanani kulindeleke ukuthi sehle sisuka eqophelweni eliphezulu ngo-2022, futhi sizoqhubeka nokusekela izindleko zamakhemikhali.
Gxila emigqeni emithathu eyinhloko
Ngo-2023, ukuchuma kwemboni yamakhemikhali kuzoqhubeka nomkhuba wokwehluka, ingcindezi ekugcineni kwesidingo izoncipha kancane kancane, futhi izindleko zemali ekugcineni kokuhlinzekwa kwemboni zizoshesha. Sincoma ukugxila emigqeni emithathu eyinhloko:
▷Ibhayoloji yokwenziwa: Uma kukhulunywa ngokungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, izinto ezisekelwe ezinsaleleni zingase zibhekane nomthelela ophazamisayo. Izinto ezisekelwe ezinsaleleni, ngokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kanye nezinzuzo zezindleko, zizoletha ushintsho, okulindeleke ukuthi lukhiqizwe ngobuningi kancane kancane futhi lusetshenziswe kabanzi epulasitikini lobunjiniyela, ekudleni naseziphuzweni, kwezokwelapha nakweminye imikhakha. Ibhayoloji yokwenziwa, njengendlela entsha yokukhiqiza, kulindeleke ukuthi ilethe umzuzu wokuzihlukanisa futhi ivule kancane kancane isidingo semakethe.
▷Izinto ezintsha: Ukubaluleka kokuphepha kweketanga lokuphakelwa kwamakhemikhali kuye kwaqokonyiswa kabanzi, futhi ukusungulwa kohlelo lwezimboni oluzimele nolulawulekayo sekuseduze. Ezinye izinto ezintsha kulindeleke ukuthi zisheshise ukufezwa kokufakwa esikhundleni kwasekhaya, njengesihlungo sama-molecule esisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye ne-catalyst, izinto zokufaka i-aluminium, i-aerogel, izinto zokumboza i-electrode engemihle kanye nezinye izinto ezintsha kuzokhulisa kancane kancane ukungena kwazo kanye nesabelo semakethe, futhi isekethe entsha yezinto ezibonakalayo kulindeleke ukuthi isheshise ukukhula.
▷Izindlu kanye Nokubuyiselwa Kwesidingo Sabathengi: Njengoba uhulumeni ekhulula uphawu lokukhululeka kwemingcele emakethe yezindlu kanye nokwenza ngcono isu lokuvimbela nokulawula eliqondiwe lobhubhane, umkhawulo wenqubomgomo yezindlu uzothuthukiswa, ukuchuma kokusetshenziswa kanye nochungechunge lwezindlu kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyiselwe, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi amakhemikhali ezindlu kanye nochungechunge lwabathengi azuze.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-02-2023