I-N-Methylpyrrolidone (NMP): Imithethonqubo Eqinile Yezemvelo Ikhuthaza Ucwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezindlela Ezihlukile Nokusetshenziswa Kokusungula I-NMP Ngokwayo Emikhakheni Esezingeni Eliphezulu

I. Imikhuba Eyinhloko Yemboni: Okuqhutshwa Yimithetho kanye Nokuguqulwa Kwemakethe

Njengamanje, umkhuba othinta kakhulu imboni ye-NMP uvela ekuqaphelweni kwemithetho yomhlaba wonke.

1. Imikhawulo ngaphansi koMthethonqubo we-EU REACH

I-NMP ifakiwe ngokusemthethweni ohlwini lwabantu abazongenela ukhetho lwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu (SVHC) ngaphansi koMthethonqubo we-REACH.

Kusukela ngoMeyi 2020, i-EU ivimbele ukuhlinzekwa komphakathi kwezingxube eziqukethe i-NMP ngenani elingu-≥0.3% ezintweni zokuhlanza insimbi kanye nezindlela zokumboza ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini nasebungcweti.

Lo mthethonqubo usekelwe kakhulu ekukhathazekeni ngobuthi bokuzala be-NMP, okuhloswe ngawo ukuvikela impilo yabathengi nabasebenzi.

2. Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi yi-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

I-US EPA iphinde yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwengozi ku-NMP, futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi imikhawulo eqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kanye nokukhishwa kwayo kwegesi izofakwa esikhathini esizayo.

Ukuhlaziywa Komthelela

Le mithethonqubo iholele ngqo ekwehleni kancane kancane kwesidingo semakethe se-NMP emikhakheni yendabuko yokuxazulula (njengopende, ukumbozwa, kanye nokuhlanza insimbi), okuphoqa abakhiqizi nabasebenzisi abasezansi ukuthi bafune izinguquko.

II. Imingcele Yezobuchwepheshe kanye Nezicelo Ezivelayo

Naphezu kwemingcele emikhakheni yendabuko, i-NMP ithole abashayeli abasha bokukhula kwemikhiqizo kweminye imikhakha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zomzimba nezamakhemikhali.

1. Ucwaningo Nokuthuthukiswa Kwezinto Ezihlukile (Okwamanje Yisiqondiso Socwaningo Esisebenza Kakhulu)

Ukuze kuxazululwe izinselele zomthetho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela ezingangcolisi imvelo esikhundleni se-NMP okwamanje kugxile emizamweni ye-R&D. Iziqondiso eziyinhloko zifaka:

I-N-Ethylpyrrolidone (NEP): Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-NEP ibhekene nokuhlolwa okuqinile kwemvelo futhi akuyona ikhambi elifanele lesikhathi eside.

I-Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO): Iyafundwa njengesithako esihlukile kwezinye izingxenye zokwenziwa kwemithi kanye nebhethri le-lithium-ion.

Izinyibilikisi Ezintsha Eziluhlaza: Kufaka phakathi ama-carbonate ajikelezayo (isb., i-propylene carbonate) kanye nezinyibilikisi ezisekelwe ku-bio (isb., i-lactate etholakala kummbila). Lezi zinyibilikisi zinobuthi obuphansi futhi ziyabola, okwenza zibe yisiqondiso esibalulekile sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo.

2. Ukungathathelwa indawo kokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe obuphezulu

Kweminye imikhakha esezingeni eliphezulu, i-NMP isalokhu inzima ukushintshwa ngokuphelele okwamanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu:

Amabhethri e-Lithium-Ion: Lena yinkambu yesicelo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ekhula njalo ye-NMP. I-NMP iyisithako esiyinhloko sokulungiselela i-slurry yama-electrode ebhethri le-lithium-ion (ikakhulukazi ama-cathode). Ingancibilikisa kahle ama-binder e-PVDF futhi inokuhlakazeka okuhle, okubalulekile ekwakheni izembozo ze-electrode ezizinzile nezifanayo. Njengoba kuchuma emhlabeni jikelele embonini entsha yamandla, isidingo se-NMP emsulwa kakhulu kule nkambu sisalokhu sinamandla.

Ama-semiconductor namaphaneli okubonisa:Ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor kanye nokukhiqizwa kwephaneli yokubonisa ye-LCD/OLED, i-NMP isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza ngokunemba ukususa i-photoresist kanye nezingxenye zokuhlanza ngokunemba. Ukuhlanzeka kwayo okuphezulu kanye nekhono lokuhlanza eliphumelelayo kwenza kube nzima okwesikhashana ukushintshwa.

Ama-polymer kanye namapulasitiki obunjiniyela obusezingeni eliphezulu:I-NMP iyisithako esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamapulasitiki obunjiniyela asebenza kahle njenge-polyimide (PI) kanye ne-polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Lezi zinto zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni yanamuhla njengezindiza kanye nemishini kagesi.

Isiphetho

Ikusasa le-NMP lisekusebenziseni amandla nokugwema ubuthakathaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inani layo eliyingqayizivele emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu lizoqhubeka nokusekela isidingo semakethe salo; ngakolunye uhlangothi, yonke imboni kumele yamukele ngenkuthalo izinguquko, isheshise i-R&D kanye nokukhuthazwa kwezinyibilikisi eziphephile nezinobungani nemvelo, ukuze iphendule emkhubeni ongenakuguqulwa wemithethonqubo yezemvelo.