Enkambisweni yemboni kawoyela namakhemikhali yezwe lami kusukela ekukhiqizeni okukhulu kuya ekukhiqizeni okusezingeni eliphezulu, imiphumela emisha emkhakheni wezinto ezintsha ezinamazinga aphansi okungena kanye namabhizinisi asekhaya aphansi iye yavela njengamakhowe, kanti amabili awo, ama-polyolefin elastomers (POE), i-carbon fiber fiber, kanye ne-carbon fiber. Isimo sezinto ezintsha ezifana nepulasitiki ebolayo nezinye izinto ezintsha siyajabulisa. Emhlanganweni wesikole sesi-6 wocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nowe-docking kanye ne-China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation owawuseShanghai ngo-Ephreli 20, uLuo Qiming, iphini lomqondisi woMnyango Wezesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Nemishini we-Petrochemical Federation, wahlanza futhi walungisa impahla.
Izinto ezibalulekile zemvelo zenze impumelelo
I-Adiponitrile iyinto ebalulekile eluhlaza ye-nylon 66, okunzima ukuyikhiqiza ngobuchwepheshe. Kuze kube manje, imakethe yomkhiqizo yayibuswa yi-Invista. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngentuthuko esheshayo ye-fiber yamakhemikhali, ipulasitiki yobunjiniyela kanye neminye imikhakha, insimu yokusetshenziswa kwe-nylon 66 ibanzi kakhulu, amabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya enze intuthuko ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni ze-adiponitrile, amaphrojekthi e-adiponitrile aqalile.
ULuo Qiming wethule ukuthi kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zobuchwepheshe ocwaningweni lwasekhaya kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-adipdinitrile, okuyi-adipdinic acid method kanye ne-butadiene method.
I-Chongqing Huafeng Group yakha isitshalo se-adipdinitrile esingamathani angu-200,000 esisekelwe esitshalweni se-adipdinitrile esingamathani angu-100,000 esizoqedwa ngo-2020 ngokusebenzisa inqubo ye-adipdinic acid.
Inqubo ye-butadiene nayo ingubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa yi-Invista, obunezinzuzo zendlela yenqubo emfushane, izindleko eziphansi zezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nekhwalithi enhle yomkhiqizo. Ngemuva kweminyaka yocwaningo nentuthuko, i-China Chemical Tianchen Qixiang New Materials Co., LTD., ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-butadiene direct hydrocyanidation ukwakhiwa kwamathani angu-200,000 ngonyaka idivayisi ye-adiponitrile nakho kuvule lonke uchungechunge lwemboni futhi kwaqala ngempumelelo.
Ngokusho kwentatheli, ukuthi yiziphi izabelo zokwakhiwa kwamathani angu-50 ngonyaka wephrojekthi ye-butadiene method adipdinitrile nazo zizoqaliswa ukusebenza ekupheleni kwalo nyaka.
Ukufakwa kwezinhlobo ze-polyolefin ezisezingeni eliphezulu ekhaya
"Inqubo ye-polyethylene yegesi kanye nenqubo ye-polypropylene eshubhu, enamalungelo obunikazi azimele, zombili zenziwe ezweni lethu. "Imikhiqizo ye-polyolefin ephezulu njenge-POE kanye ne-UHMWPE (i-polyethylene enamandla amakhulu e-ultra high) cindezela inkinobho ethi 'accelerator' ukuze ikhiqizwe." ULuo Qiming uthe lapho ekhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo ze-polyolefin ephezulu.
I-POE ingenye yezinto eziphansi kakhulu ezintweni zokwenziwa, futhi iyinto ebalulekile yokulungiselela isizukulwane esisha sefilimu ye-photovoltaic. I-Sinopec, eyaqala ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe bezimboni ze-POE eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule, manje ithola izinzuzo. Intatheli yezwa ukuthi eMbukisweni we-35th China International Rubber and Plastic Exhibition osanda kuphela, i-Sinopec ikhiphe uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo emisha kufaka phakathi i-POE elastomer, i-Sinopec yaba ngumhlinzeki wokuqala we-patent yobuchwepheshe basekhaya onesethi ephelele yamalungelo empahla yengqondo azimele.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Wanhua Chemical kanye nezinye nazo zinemibandela yokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ze-POE. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi kusukela ngoMashi 2023, amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya ahlelelwe ukwakhiwa eShayina afinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-2.1. Eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu ezayo, izwe lami selizoletha ukukhula kokukhiqiza kwe-POE.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu komkhiqizo, i-UHMWPE ithole ukunakwa okwengeziwe yizinkampani zamakhemikhali kagesi kanye nezamandla eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngokusho kwentatheli, kusukela ngoJulayi 2022, i-Daqing Petrochemical, i-Jiangsu Sturbang, kanye ne-Shanghai Chemical Research Institute zingene embonini ye-UHMWPE ngendlela yokukhiqiza okusha noma yokwanda kwamandla. Phakathi kwazo, isiqondiso somkhiqizo we-Daqing Petrochemical ikakhulukazi i-diaphragm yebhethri le-lithium. Isiqondiso somkhiqizo sokufakwa kwamathani angu-20,000 ngonyaka e-Jiangsu Serbon sisekelwe kakhulu ku-diaphragm yebhethri le-lithium kanye nezinto ze-fiber. Izinto ze-fibre, izinto ze-diaphragm yebhethri le-lithium kanye ne-resin ejikelezayo encibilikayo yizona eziyinhloko.
NgoMashi odlule nje, idivayisi ye-UHMWPE yepayipi lendandatho ye-stasis elingamathani angu-30,000 le-Shanghai Chemical Research Institute yaqala ukukhiqizwa, okubonisa ukuthi izwe lami lifinyelele impumelelo enkulu ebuchwephesheni bobuciko bokuqala emhlabeni. I-diaphragm ye-fiber ephezulu nebhethri le-lithium inikeza i-resin eyisisekelo.
Ubuchwepheshe obuhamba phambili bezinto ezibolayo
Ukuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa kwe-oda lepulasitiki kunezela “umlilo” ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezinto ezibolayo. Ngokusho kukaLuo Qiming, izwe lami selikwazile ukusebenzisa i-polycolic acid (PGA), i-polynxyl-bonol (PBS), i-polyphonal acid -hexyl-bonol (PBAT), i-polystumin (PLA), i-Polybon (PCL), i-Polycarbonate (PPC), i-Polycroxy Fatty acid ester (PHA) kanye nezinye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza izimboni, zihlanganisa isigaba esiyinhloko sepulasitiki ebolayo, futhi zakhe izinhlobo zepulasitiki ebolayo emhlabeni. Uhlelo oluphelele lwezimboni.
I-PLA okwamanje iyinto ebola kakhulu yocwaningo nokusetshenziswa. Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile buye benza intuthuko eShayina, futhi bungancintisana ngokugcwele nemikhiqizo engenisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezintsha ze-resin ebolayo okokuqala ezweni lakithi, njenge-PGA, i-polytic benzonite dilate (PBST), kanye nerabha yokuqala ye-polyester ebolayo ezweni lakithi i-Essence.
Ngokusho kwezintatheli, iShanghai Dong Geng Company isungule ubuchwepheshe obuzimele endleleni ye-PGA esemthethweni yezikhala ze-ethyl ester, engathola i-PGA yezinga lezokwelapha; iBeijing University of Chemical Technology's Advanced Elastic Body Material Research Center idlula irabha ye-polymer evamile ehlukahlukene enobukhulu obuphezulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza eqhubekayo ithuthukise isisekelo sezinto eziphilayo ukuze yonakalise izinto zerabha ye-polyester futhi iqedele ukuhlolwa kokuhlola kwezinkulungwane zamathani.
Inqubo entsha yerabha yokwenziwa igcwalisa isikhala
Ukuguqulwa okusebenzayo kwerabha ye-polystyrene butadiene encibilikisiwe kuyindaba eshisayo emkhakheni werabha ye-polystyrene butadiene encibilikisiwe, engathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemikhiqizo yerabha, kodwa akukho mikhiqizo yezimboni eye yasungulwa eShayina. NgoMeyi 2021, i-petrochina, iTongji University kanye ne-Dalian University of Technology bathuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokwenziwa kwerabha ye-polystyrene butadiene encibilikisiwe esebenzayo, futhi baqedela isethi yokuqala yedivayisi yerabha ye-polystyrene butadiene encibilikisiwe esebenzayo eDushanzi Petrochemical eShayina. Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswe erabha ye-green tire tread.
Irabha ye-Neoprene ingenye yezinto ezibalulekile zesu emnothweni wezwe kanye nasembonini yezokuvikela kazwelonke. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa kwenqubo yerabha ye-neoprene nge-butadiene kuyinkimbinkimbi, ubuchwepheshe bemishini eyinhloko bunzima. I-Jinjiao Hi-tech (Shanghai) Co., LTD., iphule leli "thambo eliqinile", yathuthukisa inqubo entsha yerabha ye-butadiene neoprene, futhi yaqeda ukuhlolwa kokuhlola. "Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yethu yendabuko ye-calcium carbide, inqubo ingafinyelela ukudlula okuphelele kokubili ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo." Kusho uLuo Qiming.
Izinto ezivelele zepulasitiki zobunjiniyela kanye nemicu ekhethekile zivelele
I-carbon fiber, eyaziwa ngokuthi “iNkosi Yezinto Ezintsha”, iyinto entsha ebalulekile emnothweni wezwe kanye nokwakhiwa kokuvikela izwe. Izwe lami manje seliyizwe lesithathu elinobuchwepheshe be-carbon fiber obusebenza kahle kakhulu ngemuva kweJapan ne-United States. “I-carbon fiber yezwe lami yezinga le-T300 isifinyelele ezingeni lemikhiqizo efanayo yakwamanye amazwe; i-carbon fiber yezinga le-T700 kanye nezinga le-T800 ifinyelele ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni; ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko be-carbon fiber yezinga le-T1000 kanye ne-M55J benze intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe obubalulekile, futhi sebeqalile ukukhiqiza.” kusho uLuo Qiming.
I-polytamide fiber enamandla aphezulu inezindlela eziningi zokusetshenziswa emikhakheni ephezulu njengezindiza, izindiza, izinto zikagesi, kanye nokuvikelwa. I-Beijing University of Chemical Technology ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-polytamide fiber enamandla aphezulu, esebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ukwakha umugqa wokuqala wokukhiqiza i-polytamide fiber enamandla aphezulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi yakhe uchungechunge lwemikhiqizo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phenolic polyford polyford etherone ketone eyathuthukiswa yiDalian University of Science and Technology kanye ne-Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian chemicals nayo ingeyokuqala emhlabeni, futhi wonke amadivayisi ezimboni akhiwe.
Amakhemikhali kagesi athuthuka ngokushesha
Ukukhula okusheshayo kwemboni entsha yamandla kulethe amakhemikhali kagesi ethubeni lokuthuthukiswa, futhi ukuncintisana kwamabhizinisi amaningi asekhaya kungene entuthukweni esheshayo yokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bamakhemikhali kagesi.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amandla e-phosphate yezinga lezimboni kanye nezinga lokudla ezweni lami abe yinsalela, kodwa izinto ezibalulekile zokukhiqizwa kwama-chip njenge-phosphate yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ehlanzekile kagesi zithembele ngokuphelele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 yemizamo engapheli, i-phosphate yezinga eliphezulu kakhulu ehlanzekile kagesi ye-Xingfa Group ifinyelele izinga lokuhlanzeka kwe-phosphate kusukela ku-“3 9″ kuya ku-“9 9″”.
I-hydrofluoric acid yezinga likagesi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni nasekugqwaleni kwamasekethe ahlanganisiwe kanye nama-chip esekethe ahlanganisiwe amakhulu. Omunye wabaholi bamakhemikhali kagesi basekhaya wangena ngokusemthethweni ohlelweni lwabaphakeli abafanelekayo be-TSMC ngoMeyi 2022, waqala ukulubheka. Ukulethwa kweqoqo lezinto zamakhemikhali kagesi ezihlanzekile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezingama-asidi e-hydrofluoric ku-semiconductor-grade.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amakhemikhali kagesi amanzi athuthukiswe futhi akhiqizwa yiSuzhou Jingrui, njenge-hydrogen peroxide ne-sulfuric acid, iHaohua Gas, i-nitrogen trifluoride yeSinoship 718 Institute, igesi ye-chlorine ehlanzekile kakhulu kanye ne-hydrogen chloride yegesi yeTaihe, igesi ekhethekile ye-precursor yeJiangsu Jacque, i-polishing pad yeHubei Dinglong namanye amakhemikhali kagesi nawo ahlangabezane nezidingo zokukhiqiza ama-chip enqubo ethuthukisiwe.
“Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-argon fluoride photoresist yama-chip enqubo athuthukile, okuyinto enzima kakhulu, kuseyinselele.” ULuo Qiming uthe yize amayunithi amaningi asekhaya ngokulandelana kusukela ku-resin monomer, i-photoinitiator, i-solvent kuya ku-photoresist ukubhekana nochungechunge lonke lwemboni, kodwa okwamanje kuyingxenye yemikhiqizo kuphela ekuhlolweni kwebhizinisi okuphansi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-08-2023