I-OXALIC ACID

I-Oxalic acidinto ephilayo.Ifomu lamakhemikhali lithi H₂C₂O₄.Kungumkhiqizo we-metabolic wezinto eziphilayo.Iyi-asidi ebuthakathaka enezingxenye ezimbili.Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi emizimbeni yezitshalo, yezilwane kanye nesikhunta.Lenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezintweni eziphilayo ezihlukene.Ngakho-ke, i-oxalic acid ivame ukubhekwa njengento emelene nokumuncwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezakhi zamaminerali.I-anhydride yayo i-carbon trioxide.

Izici:Ishidi le-monoclinic elingenambala noma ikristalu eyiprismatic noma impushana emhlophe, i-oxalic acid ayinaphunga ngokufakwa kwe-oxidation, ukunambitheka kwe-oxalic acid ngokuhlanganisa.I-Sublimation ku-150 ~ 160 ℃.Ingabekezelelwa emoyeni oshisayo owomile.I-1g iyancibilika emanzini angu-7mL, 2mL amanzi abilayo, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol abilayo, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, futhi ayincibiliki ku-benzene, chloroform ne-petroleum ether.Isixazululo esingu-0.1mol/L sine-pH engu-1.3.Ukuminyana kwesihlobo (amanzi =1) ngu-1.653.Iphoyinti lokuncibilika 189.5 ℃.

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:I-Oxalic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glycolic acid, itholakala kakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo.I-Oxalic acid iyikristalu engenambala yekholomu, encibilika emanzini kunezincibilikisi eziphilayo njenge-ether,

I-Oxalate inomphumela oqinile wokuhlanganisa futhi ingolunye uhlobo lwe-metal chelating ejenti ekudleni kwezitshalo.Uma i-oxalic acid ihlanganiswa nezinye izakhi zensimbi zomhlaba ezine-alkali, ukuncibilika kwayo kuncipha kakhulu, njenge-calcium oxalate cishe ayincibiliki emanzini.Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-oxalic acid kunomthelela omkhulu ku-bioavailability yamaminerali abalulekile;Lapho i-oxalic acid ihlanganiswa nezinye izakhi zensimbi eziguqukayo, ama-soluble complexes akhiwa ngenxa yesenzo sokuxhumanisa se-oxalic acid, futhi ukuncibilika kwabo kwanda kakhulu.

I-Oxalic acid iqale ukuncibilika ku-100 ℃, yehliselwa phansi ngokushesha ku-125 ℃, futhi yancipha kakhulu ku-157 ℃, futhi yaqala ukubola.

Ingasabela nge-alkali, ingakhiqiza i-esterification, i-acyl halogenation, ukusabela kwe-amide.Ukusabela kokunciphisa kungenzeka futhi, futhi ukusabela kwe-decarboxylation kungenzeka ngaphansi kokushisa.I-anhydrous oxalic acid iyi-hygroscopic.I-Oxalic acid yakha izakhi ezincibilika emanzini ezinezinsimbi eziningi.

I-oxalate evamile:1, iSodium oxalate;2, Potassium oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate;5, Antimony oxalate;6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate;7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Isicelo:

1. I-ejenti eyinkimbinkimbi, i-ejenti yokufihla, i-ejenti emanzi, i-ejenti yokunciphisa.Isetshenziselwa ukuzimisela kwe-beryllium, i-calcium, i-chromium, igolide, i-manganese, i-strontium, i-thorium nezinye i-ion zensimbi.Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Picocrystal ye-sodium nezinye izakhi.Gcoba i-calcium, i-magnesium, i-thorium kanye nezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile.Isixazululo esijwayelekile sokulinganisa i-potassium permanganate nezixazululo ze-cerous sulfate.Ibhulashi.Usizo lokudaya.Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukususa ukugqwala ezingutsheni embonini yokwakha ngaphambi kokuxubha i-coating yangaphandle yodonga, ngoba i-alkaline yodonga inamandla kufanele iqale ukuxubha i-oxalic acid alkali.

2. Imboni yezemithi esetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-aureomycin, i-oxytetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-borneol, i-vitamin B12, i-phenobarbital nezinye izidakamizwa.Imboni yokuphrinta nokudaya esetshenziswa njengosizo lombala, i-bleach, isikhungo sezokwelapha.Imboni yepulasitiki yokukhiqiza i-PVC, amapulasitiki amino, i-urea - ipulasitiki ye-formaldehyde.

3. Isetshenziswa njenge-catalyst ye-phenolic resin synthesis, ukusabela kwe-catalytic kuthambile, inqubo izinzile uma kuqhathaniswa, futhi ubude besikhathi bude kakhulu.Isixazululo se-acetone oxalate singadala ukusabela kokwelapha kwe-epoxy resin futhi sinciphise isikhathi sokuphulukisa.Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator.Ingase futhi yengezwe ku-polyvinyl formaldehyde enamathelayo encibilika emanzini ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokumisa namandla okubopha.Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokwelapha i-urea formaldehyde resin, i-metal ion chelating ejenti.Ingasetshenziswa njengesisheshisi sokulungiselela okunamathelayo kwesitashi nge-KMnO4 oxidant ukusheshisa izinga le-oxidation futhi unciphise isikhathi sokusabela.

Njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza:

I-Oxalic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa kanye ne-bleach, esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ama-antibiotics kanye ne-borneol nezinye izidakamizwa, kanye nokucwenga i-solvent yensimbi engavamile, i-ejenti yokunciphisa udayi, i-ejenti yokushuka, njll.

I-Oxalic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizweni kwe-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium catalysts, ukuhlanzwa kwezinsimbi namamabula, kanye nokucwecwa kwezindwangu.

Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokwelashwa kwendawo yensimbi, ukukhishwa kwezinto ezingavamile zomhlaba, ukuphrinta izindwangu nokudaya, ukucubungula isikhumba, ukulungiswa kwe-catalyst, njll.

Njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa:

Embonini ye-organic synthesis isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni i-hydroquinone, i-pentaerythritol, i-cobalt oxalate, i-nickel oxalate, i-gallic acid neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Imboni yepulasitiki yokukhiqiza i-PVC, amapulasitiki amino, urea - amapulasitiki e-formaldehyde, upende, njll.

Imboni yodayi isetshenziselwa ukwenza isisekelo esiluhlaza nokunye.

Imboni yokuphrinta nokudaya ingathatha indawo ye-acetic acid, esetshenziswa njengosizo lombala wedayi ye-pigment, i-ejenti yokushibilika.

Imboni yezemithi yokukhiqiza i-aureomycin, i-tetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-ephedrine.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oxalic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekuhlanganiseni kwe-oxalate ester ehlukahlukene, i-oxalate nemikhiqizo ye-oxalamide, futhi i-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate, i-calcium oxalate neminye imikhiqizo ikhiqiza kakhulu.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Vala endaweni eyomile nepholile.Ivikela ngokuqinile umswakama, ivikele amanzi futhi ingangeni elangeni.Izinga lokushisa lesitoreji akufanele lidlule ku-40 ℃.

2. Zigcine kude nama-oxide nezinto ezine-alkaline.Sebenzisa izikhwama ezenziwe nge-polypropylene ezifakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki, 25kg/isikhwama.

Sekukonke, i-oxalic acid iyikhemikhali eguquguqukayo enezicelo eziningi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.Izakhiwo zayo zikwenza kube ukukhetha okuhle kokuhlanza, ukucwengisiswa kanye nokwenza mhlophe, futhi inezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningana ezimbonini zendwangu, izingadi kanye nezensimbi.Nokho, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho kusetshenziswa le khemikhali, ngoba inobuthi futhi ingaba yingozi uma ingaphathwa kahle.