I-OXALIC ACID

I-oxalic acidiyisithako sezinto eziphilayo. Uhlobo lwamakhemikhali yi-H₂C₂O₄. Ingumkhiqizo we-metabolic wezinto eziphilayo. Iyi-asidi ebuthakathaka enezingxenye ezimbili. Isatshalaliswa kabanzi emizimbeni yezitshalo, yezilwane, neyesikhunta. Yenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ezintweni eziphilayo ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, i-oxalic acid ivame ukubhekwa njengesitha sokumuncwa nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zamaminerali. I-anhydride yayo yi-carbon trioxide.

Izici:Ishidi le-monoclinic elingenambala noma ikristalu eliyi-prismatic noma impuphu emhlophe, i-oxalic acid ayinaphunga ngenxa ye-oxidation, ukunambitheka kwe-oxalic acid ngenxa ye-synthesis. I-Sublimation ku-150 ~ 160 ℃. Ingaguguleka emoyeni oshisayo owomile. I-1g iyancibilika emanzini angu-7mL, amanzi abilayo angu-2mL, i-ethanol engu-2.5mL, i-ethanol ebilayo engu-1.8mL, i-ether engu-100mL, i-glycerin engu-5.5mL, futhi ayincibiliki ku-benzene, i-chloroform kanye ne-petroleum ether. Isixazululo esingu-0.1mol/L sine-pH engu-1.3. Ubuningi obuhlobene (amanzi =1) bungu-1.653. Iphuzu lokuncibilika lingu-189.5 ℃.

Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:I-Oxalic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glycolic acid, itholakala kabanzi ekudleni kwezitshalo. I-Oxalic acid iyikristalu engenambala, encibilikayo emanzini kunasezinyibilikisini eziphilayo ezifana ne-ether,

I-Oxalate inomphumela oqinile wokuhlanganisa futhi iluhlobo oluthile lwe-metal chelating agent ekudleni kwezitshalo. Lapho i-oxalic acid ihlanganiswa nezinye izakhi zensimbi zomhlaba we-alkaline, ukuncibilika kwayo kuncipha kakhulu, njengokuthi i-calcium oxalate cishe ayincibiliki emanzini. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona kwe-oxalic acid kunomthelela omkhulu ekutholakaleni kwezinto ezibalulekile; Lapho i-oxalic acid ihlanganiswa nezinye izakhi zensimbi zesikhashana, kwakheka ama-complexes ancibilikayo ngenxa yesenzo sokuhlanganisa se-oxalic acid, futhi ukuncibilika kwawo kukhula kakhulu.

I-oxalic acid yaqala ukuncibilika ku-100℃, yancibilika ngokushesha ku-125℃, yancibilika kakhulu ku-157℃, yaqala ukubola.

Ingasabela ne-alkali, ingakhiqiza i-esterification, i-acyl halogenation, i-amide reaction. Ukusabela kokunciphisa nakho kungenzeka, futhi ukusabela kwe-decarboxylation kungenzeka ngaphansi kokushisa. I-Anhydrous oxalic acid iyi-hygroscopic. I-Oxalic acid yakha ama-complexes ancibilikayo emanzini anezinsimbi eziningi.

I-oxalate evamile:1, i-Sodium oxalate;2, i-Potassium oxalate;3, i-Calcium oxalate;4, i-Ferrous oxalate; 5, i-Antimony oxalate; 6, i-Ammonium hydrogen oxalate; 7, i-Magnesium oxalate 8, i-Lithium oxalate.

Isicelo:

1. I-complexing agent, i-mask agent, i-precipitating agent, i-reducing agent. Isetshenziselwa ukuthola i-beryllium, i-calcium, i-chromium, igolide, i-manganese, i-strontium, i-thorium kanye nezinye i-ioni zensimbi. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-picocrystal kwe-sodium nezinye izakhi. I-precipitate calcium, i-magnesium, i-thorium kanye nezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile. Isixazululo esijwayelekile sokulinganisa izixazululo ze-potassium permanganate kanye ne-cerous sulfate. I-Bleach. Usizo lwedayi. Ingasetshenziswa futhi ukususa ukugqwala ezingutsheni embonini yokwakha ngaphambi kokuxubha udonga lwangaphandle, ngoba i-alkaline yodonga inamandla kufanele uqale uxubhe i-oxalic acid alkali.

2. Imboni yezemithi esetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-aureomycin, i-oxytetracycline, i-streptomycin, i-borneol, i-vitamin B12, i-phenobarbital kanye neminye imithi. Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya esetshenziswa njengosizo lombala, i-bleach, i-medical intermediate. Imboni yepulasitiki yokukhiqiza i-PVC, amapulasitiki ama-amino, ipulasitiki ye-urea – formaldehyde.

3. Isetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokwenziwa kwe-phenolic resin, ukusabela kwe-catalytic kuncane, inqubo izinzile, futhi ubude bayo buyinde kakhulu. Isixazululo se-acetone oxalate singashukumisa ukusabela kwe-epoxy resin futhi sinciphise isikhathi sokulungisa. Siphinde sisetshenziswe njenge-synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, i-melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Singase futhi sengezwe ku-polyvinyl formaldehyde water-soluble adhesive ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivinini sokomisa kanye namandla okubopha. Siphinde sisetshenziswe njenge-urea formaldehyde resin curing agent, i-metal ion chelating agent. Singasetshenziswa njengesisheshi sokulungiselela izinamathiseli zesitashi ezine-KMnO4 oxidant ukuze kusheshiswe izinga le-oxidation futhi kufinyezwe isikhathi sokulungisa.

Njenge-agent yokumhlopheza:

I-oxalic acid isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-reducing agent kanye ne-bleach, isetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwama-antibiotic kanye ne-borneol kanye neminye imithi, kanye nokuhlanza izinsimbi ezingavamile, i-dye reducing agent, i-tanning agent, njll.

I-oxalic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekukhiqizweni kwama-catalyst e-cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium, ukuhlanza izinsimbi namamabula, kanye nokumhlopheza izindwangu.

Isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza nokwelapha ubuso bensimbi, ukukhipha izakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile, ukuphrinta nokudaya izindwangu, ukucubungula isikhumba, ukulungiselela i-catalyst, njll.

Njenge-ejenti yokunciphisa:

Embonini yokwenziwa kwezinto eziphilayo, isetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-hydroquinone, i-pentaerythritol, i-cobalt oxalate, i-nickel oxalate, i-gallic acid kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali.

Imboni yepulasitiki yokukhiqizwa kwe-PVC, amapulasitiki ama-amino, amapulasitiki e-urea – formaldehyde, upende, njll.

Imboni yokudaya isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza isisekelo esiluhlaza njalo njalo.

Imboni yokunyathelisa nokudaya ingathatha indawo ye-acetic acid, esetshenziswa njengosizo lombala wedayi we-pigment, kanye ne-bleaching agent.

Imboni yezemithi yokukhiqiza i-aureomycin, i-tetracycline, i-streptomycin, ne-ephedrine.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-oxalic acid ingasetshenziswa futhi ekwakhiweni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ye-oxalate ester, i-oxalate kanye ne-oxalamide, kanti i-diethyl oxalate, i-sodium oxalate, i-calcium oxalate kanye neminye imikhiqizo iyona ekhiqiza kakhulu.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Vala endaweni eyomile nepholile. Ingangeni umswakama ngokuphelele, ingangeni manzi futhi ingangeni elangeni. Izinga lokushisa lokugcina akufanele lidlule ku-40℃.

2. Gcina kude nama-oxide nezinto ezi-alkaline. Sebenzisa izikhwama ezilukiwe ze-polypropylene ezifakwe izikhwama zepulasitiki, ezingama-25kg ngesikhwama.

Sekukonke, i-oxalic acid iyikhemikhali eguquguqukayo enezinhlelo eziningi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene. Izici zayo ziyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kokuhlanza, ukucwenga kanye nokumhlopheza, futhi inezinhlelo eziningana ezimbonini zezindwangu, zezingadi kanye nezensimbi. Kodwa-ke, kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha lapho kusetshenziswa leli khemikhali, njengoba linobuthi futhi lingaba yingozi uma lingaphathwa kahle.