Ingozi yokushaywa kwezitimela isondela
Izitshalo eziningi zamakhemikhali zingaphoqeleka ukuba ziyeke ukusebenza
Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwakamuva okukhishwe yi-US Chemistry Council ACC, uma isitimela sase-US sisesitelekeni esikhulu ngoDisemba, kulindeleke ukuthi sithinte izimpahla zamakhemikhali ezingama- $ 2.8 billion ngesonto. Lesi siteleka senyanga eyodwa sizobangela cishe ama- $ 160 billion emnothweni wase-US, okulingana ne-1% ye-GDP yase-US.
Imboni yokukhiqiza amakhemikhali yaseMelika ingenye yamakhasimende amakhulu kakhulu kuloliwe wezimpahla futhi ithutha izitimela ezingaphezu kuka-33,000 ngesonto. I-ACC imele izinkampani zezimboni, amandla, imithi kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Amalungu ahlanganisa i-3M, i-Tao Chemical, i-DuPont, i-ExxonMobil, i-Chevron kanye nezinye izinkampani zomhlaba wonke.
Umzimba wonke uyanyakaziswa. Ngoba imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali iyizinto ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi. Uma ukuvalwa kwesitimela kubangela ukuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yezimboni zamakhemikhali, zonke izici zomnotho wase-US zizodonswa ziye exhaphozini.
Ngokusho kukaJeff Sloan, umqondisi omkhulu wenqubomgomo yezokuthutha ye-ACC, i-week yenkampani yesitimela yakhipha uhlelo lwesiteleka ngoSepthemba, ngenxa yosongo lwesiteleka, isitimela sayeka ukwamukela izimpahla, futhi inani lokuthuthwa kwamakhemikhali lehla ngezitimela zango-1975. “Isiteleka esikhulu sisho nokuthi esontweni lokuqala lezinsizakalo zesitimela, izikhungo eziningi zamakhemikhali zizophoqeleka ukuvala,” kusho uSloan.
Kuze kube manje, izinhlangano zezitimela ezingu-7 kwezingu-12 zivumile isivumelwano sezitimela esingenelelwe yi-US Congress, okuhlanganisa no-24% wokwenyuswa komholo kanye namabhonasi engeziwe angu-$5,000; izinhlangano ezintathu zivotele ukwenqatshwa, kanti ezimbili nezimbili zaba yilezo ezinye. Ivoti alikaqedwa.
Uma izinyunyana ezimbili ezisele zivumile isivumelwano sokuhlola, i-BMWED kanye ne-BRS ekuvuseleleni inyunyana zizoqala isiteleka ngomhlaka-5 Disemba. Nakuba abafowethu abakhiqiza amabhoyila amancane emhlabeni wonke bezovotela ukuvuselelwa, bazoqhubeka nokuxoxisana. Qhubeka nokuxoxisana.
Uma isimo siphambene, izinyunyana ezimbili nazo zenqabe isivumelwano, ngakho usuku lwazo lwesiteleka lungoDisemba 9. I-BMWED ngaphambilini yathi i-BRS ayikavezi isitatimende sayo kanye neziteleka zezinyunyana ezimbili ezisele.
Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuphuma i-walkout yezinyunyana ezintathu noma i-walkout yezinyunyana ezinhlanu, kuzoba yiphupho elibi kuyo yonke imboni yaseMelika.
Ukusebenzisa imali eyizigidigidi eziyisikhombisa zamaRandi
ISaudi Aramco ihlela ukwakha ifektri eNingizimu Korea
ISaudi Aramco ithe ngoLwesine ihlela ukutshala imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa zamaRandi esitshalweni se-S-Oil, inkampani yayo engaphansi kweNingizimu Korea, ukuze ikhiqize amakhemikhali ephethroli anenani eliphezulu.
I-S-Oil iyinkampani yokucwenga eSouth Korea, kanti iSaudi Arabia inamasheya ayo angaphezu kuka-63% okufanele iwaphathe.
ISaudi Arabia isho esitatimendeni ukuthi lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi “Shaheen (Isi-Arabhu It is an eagle)”, okuwutshalomali olukhulu kunazo zonke eNingizimu Korea. Idivayisi yokuqhekeka komusi we-Petrochemical. Ihlose ukwakha indawo enkulu yokuhluza ehlanganisiwe kanye nenye yamayunithi amakhulu okuqhekeka komusi we-petrochemical emhlabeni.
Ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo esisha kuzoqala ngo-2023 futhi kuqedwe ngo-2026. ISaudi Arabia ithe umthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wale fektri uzofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingu-3.2 emikhiqizo ye-petrochemical. Idivayisi yokuqhekeka komusi we-petrochemical kulindeleke ukuthi ibhekane nemikhiqizo ekhiqizwe ngokucubungula uwoyela ongahluziwe, okuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-ethylene ene-petroleum kanye negesi yokukhipha umoya. Le divayisi kulindeleke futhi ukuthi ikhiqize i-acryl, i-butyl, namanye amakhemikhali ayisisekelo.
Isitatimende siveze ukuthi ngemva kokuba iphrojekthi isiqediwe, ingxenye yemikhiqizo ye-petrochemical ku-S-OIL izophindeka kabili ibe ngu-25%.
Isikhulu esiphezulu saseSaudi Arabia u-Amin Nasser uthe esitatimendeni ukuthi ukukhula kwesidingo samakhemikhali kaphethiloli emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi kusheshiswe, ngokwengxenye ngoba imikhiqizo kaphethiloli yomnotho wase-Asia iyakhula. Lo msebenzi ungahlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo zendawo.
Ngosuku olufanayo (lwe-17), iNkosana yaseSaudi Arabia uMohammed Ben Salman uvakashele iNingizimu Korea futhi bekulindeleke ukuthi axoxe ngokubambisana kwesikhathi esizayo phakathi kwala mazwe amabili. Abaholi bebhizinisi bamazwe amabili basayine izivumelwano ezingaphezu kuka-20 phakathi kukahulumeni namabhizinisi ngoLwesine ngaphambilini, okuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda, imboni yamakhemikhali, amandla avuselelekayo, kanye nemidlalo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezinto zokusetshenziswa akufakiwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphelele
Kuzobathinta kanjani imboni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli?
Muva nje, iKhomishini Yentuthuko Nokuguqulwa Kazwelonke kanye ne-National Bureau of Statistics bakhiphe “Isaziso Sokulawulwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuqhubekayo Esikhundleni Sokulawulwa Kokusetshenziswa Kwamandla” (okubizwa ngokuthi “Isaziso”), esazisa ngalesi sigaba “, I-Hydrocarbon, utshwala, i-ammonia neminye imikhiqizo, amalahle, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo, njll., kuyisigaba sezinto zokusetshenziswa.” Esikhathini esizayo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamalahle anjalo, uphethiloli, igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo ngeke kusafakwa ekulawulweni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele.
Ngokombono we-“Saziso”, ukusetshenziswa okuningi kwamalahle, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo yayo okungeyona eyamandla kuhlobene kakhulu nemboni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli namakhemikhali.
Ngakho-ke, embonini yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli namakhemikhali, imuphi umthelela osetshenziswa amandla aluhlaza ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla okuphelele?
Ngomhlaka-16, uMeng Wei, okhulumela i-National Development and Reform Commission, uthe engqungqutheleni yabezindaba ngoNovemba ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kungancishiswa ngokwesayensi nangokweqiniso ukuze kuboniswe isimo sangempela sokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwamakhemikhali kaphethroli, imboni yamakhemikhali amalahle kanye nezinye izimboni ezihlobene, futhi kuthuthukiswe ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphelele. Ukuqina kokuphathwa kwenani kuwukunikeza isikhala sentuthuko esezingeni eliphezulu, ukuhlinzeka ngesiqinisekiso sokusetshenziswa kwamandla okunengqondo kwamaphrojekthi aphezulu, nokusekela ukwesekwa okusekelayo kokuqinisa ukuqina kochungechunge lwezimboni.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMeng Wei ugcizelele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko akusikho ukwehlisa izidingo zokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezifana nemboni yamakhemikhali kaphethiloli kanye namalahle, futhi akusikho ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ahlobene ngokungazi lutho ezifundeni ezahlukene. Kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ngokuqinile izidingo zokufinyelela kumaphrojekthi, nokuqhubeka nokukhuthaza ukonga amandla ezimbonini kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-25-2022