Njengenye yamakhemikhali otshwala obukhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, i-ethanol iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwayo emakethe. Isidingo esihlanganisiwe se-ethanol kaphethiloli, izinyibilikisi zezimboni, ukubulala amagciwane kwemithi kanye ne-intermediates yamakhemikhali kukhuthaza ukukhula. Okwamanje i-bioethanol ephansi yekhabhoni kanye nophethiloli wezindiza ozinzile (i-SAF) kwakha izintambo ezintsha zentuthuko eziguqula kabusha ukukhiqizwa komhlaba kanye nezindawo zokuhweba. Imakethe ye-ethanol yomhlaba wonke ifinyelele cishe ku-USD 73.1 billion ngo-2025. I-United States isebenzisa ukudla kommbila kanti iBrazil ithembele kumoba ukwakha izisekelo ezimbili ezinkulu zokukhiqiza, lapho umthamo we-ethanol wase-US ufinyelela kumalitha ayizigidigidi ezingu-15.8 kanye neBrazil 8.2 billion gallons. AmaMelika abusa izimakethe zomhlaba wonke zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
I-Ethanol ihlukaniswe ngesigaba sikaphethiloli, isigaba sezimboni kanye nesigaba semithi. I-ethanol kaphethiloli yakha ingxenye enkulu yokusetshenziswa. Izinqubomgomo zokuxuba uphethiloli kuzo zonke izizwe zisekela isidingo sezinga lesisekelo. Uhlelo lokuxuba lwe-E20 lwaseNdiya luyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka, okwenza i-Asia Pacific ibe yimakethe ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu ngesilinganiso sokukhula esihlanganisiwe esingu-3.5%. Ngemva kobhubhane, imikhakha yokubulala amagciwane kwemithi kanye nokunakekelwa komuntu siqu igcina ukuthengwa okuzinzile kwe-ethanol yezinga lemithi. I-ethanol yokuhlanza ehlanzekile kakhulu igcina isidingo esiqinile emhlabeni jikelele. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-ethanol isebenza njengesixhumi samakhemikhali sokukhiqiza i-acetic acid, ama-acrylate esters kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, iphakamisa kancane kancane amanani okusetshenziswa kwesigaba samakhemikhali.
Ushintsho olukhulu emakethe luvela endleleni ephansi yekhabhoni. Ngenkathi izimoto zikagesi zicindezela ukusetshenziswa kwe-ethanol kaphethiloli okungaphelele, i-SAF idala amathuba akhulayo. Ubuchwepheshe be-ethanol kuya kuphethiloli wejethi busheshisa ukuthengiswa, ngama-oda amaningi okuthenga esikhathi eside asayiniwe, amandla okusebenzisa abekelwe ekuqaleni uphethiloli wokuthutha. Ezimakethe zaseYurophu naseMelika, i-bioethanol eneziqinisekiso zekhredithi yekhabhoni iqinisekisa amaphrimiyamu entengo. Imikhiqizo yezimonyo neyemithi ithola ngenkuthalo i-ethanol ephansi yekhabhoni ukuze inciphise izinyathelo zekhabhoni zochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa. Ubuchwepheshe be-CCS (ukubamba nokugcina ikhabhoni) obusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-ethanol buthuthukisa kakhulu iziqinisekiso zoluhlaza zomkhiqizo.
Ngokombono wezohwebo, amazwe aseMelika asebenza njengabathumeli abayinhloko, kuyilapho i-Asia Pacific, isifunda esikhulu esidla kakhulu, ingenisa inani elikhulu le-ethanol yezimboni neyemithi. Amanani okusanhlamvu athinta ngqo izindleko zokukhiqiza i-ethanol; ukuvunwa kommbila okukhulu kanye nomoba kuletha impumuzo, kanti ukunciphisa isivuno sezitshalo kukhulisa izingcaphuno ze-ethanol zaphesheya kwezilwandle. Ukuguquguquka kwemithwalo yolwandle, ukuminyana kwamachweba kanye nezinqubomgomo zentela yokuthumela kwamanye amazwe nazo zishintsha izindleko zendawo. Amandla endawo ase-Asia ayaqhubeka nokukhula. I-China ne-India zithuthukisa izikhungo ze-ethanol yezimboni ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncika kwezinye izinto ezingeniswayo zezinga eliphezulu, yize isidingo siqhubeka se-ethanol yezinga eliphezulu yemithi ezingeniswayo.
Imboni ibhekene nezinselelo ezimbili. I-ethanol esekelwe kokusanhlamvu ingaphansi kokushintshashintsha kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo. Okwamanje isitifiketi esiphansi sekhabhoni kanye nezindinganiso zokubalwa kwekhabhoni ezihlukene emazweni amaningi ziphakamisa izindleko zokuthobela imithetho yokuhweba. Izikhungo zibikezela ukuthi i-ethanol yezimboni yomhlaba wonke izobhalisa isilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingu-2.5% kusukela ngo-2026 2035, ifinyelele amalitha ayizigidigidi ezingu-165.18 ngo-2035. Ukuguquka okuluhlaza kanye nokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo wezinga eliphezulu kuzoba yizihloko eziyinhloko zokuncintisana embonini. Abakhiqizi abanezinto zokusetshenziswa ezizinzile kanye nezitifiketi eziphelele zekhabhoni ephansi bazoqinisekisa amathuba emakethe amakhulu aphesheya kwezilwandle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 16-2026