I-Sodium Bicarbonate, ifomula yama-molecule yi-NAHCO₃，iyinhlanganisela engeyona engokwemvelo, enempuphu emhlophe ekristalu, ayinaphunga, inosawoti, kulula ukuyincibilikisa emanzini. Ibola kancane kancane emoyeni omanzi noma emoyeni oshisayo, ikhiqize i-carbon dioxide, bese ishisa kufika ku-270 ° C ibolile ngokuphelele. Uma ine-asidi, ibola kakhulu, ikhiqize i-carbon dioxide.
I-sodium bicarbonate isetshenziswa kabanzi maqondana nokuhlaziywa kwe-chemistry, ukwakheka kwezinto ezingaphili, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kanye nokufuywa kwezilwane.
Izakhiwo zomzimba:i-sodium bicarbonateiyikristalu emhlophe, noma amakristalu e-monocliplative angacacile angamakristalu amancane, angenaphunga, anosawoti omncane futhi apholile, futhi ancibilika kalula emanzini nase-glycerin, futhi awancibiliki ku-ethanol. Ukuncibilika emanzini kungu-7.8g (18℃), 16.0g (60℃), ubuningi bungu-2.20g/cm3, isilinganiso singu-2.208, inkomba yokubuyisa ingu-α: 1.465; β: 1.498; γ: 1.504, i-entropy ejwayelekile engu-24.4J/(mol · K), ikhiqiza ukushisa okungu-229.3kj/mol, ukushisa okuncibilikisiwe okungu-4.33kj/mol, kanye nomthamo oshisayo （Cp）20.89J/(mol·°C)(22°C).
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali:
1. I-asidi ne-alkaline
Isixazululo samanzi se-sodium bicarbonate sibuthakathaka ngokwe-alkaline ngenxa ye-hydrolysis: I-HCO3-+H2O⇌H2CO3+OH-, inani le-pH lesisombululo samanzi esingu-0.8% lingu-8.3.
2. Ukusabela nge-asidi
I-sodium bicarbonate ingasabela ne-asidi, njenge-sodium bicarbonate kanye ne-hydrochloride: nahco3+HCL = NaCl+CO2 ↑+H2O.
3. Ukusabela ku-alkali
I-sodium bicarbonate ingasabela ne-alkali. Isibonelo, ukusabela kwe-sodium bicarbarbonate kanye ne-sodium hydroxide: i-nahco3+naOh = Na2CO3+H2O; kanye nokusabela kwe-calcium hydroxide, uma inani le-sodium sodium bicarbonate ligcwele, kukhona: 2NAHCO3+CA (OH) 2 = CACO3 ↓+NA2CO3+2H2O;
Uma kukhona inani elincane le-sodium bicarbonate, kukhona: I-Nahco3+CA (OH) 2 = I-CACO3 ↓+I-Naoh+H2O.
4. Ukusabela kusawoti
A. I-Sodium bicarbonate ingaphinda kabili i-hydrolysis nge-aluminium chloride kanye ne-aluminium chloride, futhi ikhiqize i-aluminium hydroxide, usawoti we-sodium kanye ne-carbon dioxide.
3AHCO3+AlCl3 = Al (OH) 3 ↓+3ACL+3CO2 ↑; 3AHCO3+Al (CLO3) 3 = Al (OH) 3 ↓+3AClo3+3CO2 ↑.
B. I-sodium bicarbonate ingasabela ngezixazululo ezithile zikasawoti wensimbi, njenge: 2HCO3-+Mg2+= CO2 ↑+MgCo3 ↓+H2O.
5. Ukubola ngokushisa
Uhlobo lwe-sodium bicarbonate luzinzile ekushiseni, futhi kulula ukulibohla. Libohla ngokushesha ngaphezu kwama-50 ° C. Kuma-270 ° C, i-carbon dioxide ilahleka ngokuphelele. Akukho shintsho emoyeni owomile futhi libohla kancane kancane emoyeni omanzi. Ukubola I-equation yokusabela: 2NAHCO3NA2CO3+CO2 ↑+H2O.
Inkambu yesicelo:
1. Ukusetshenziswa kwelabhorethri
I-sodium bicarbonateisetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhlaziya futhi isetshenziselwa nokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezingaphili. Ingasetshenziswa ukulungiselela isixazululo se-sodium carbonate-sodium bicarbonate buffer. Uma ufaka inani elincane le-asidi noma i-alkali, ingagcina ukuhlushwa kwama-ion e-hydrogen ngaphandle kwezinguquko ezibalulekile, okungagcina inani le-pH yesistimu lizinzile.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni
I-sodium bicarbonate ingasetshenziswa ukukhiqiza izicima-mlilo ze-pH kanye nezicima-mlilo ze-foam, kanti i-sodium bicarbonate embonini yerabha ingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni irabha nesiponji. I-sodium bicarbonate embonini yensimbi ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuncibilikisa yokwenza ama-ingot ensimbi. I-sodium bicarbonate embonini yemishini ingasetshenziswa njengomsizi wokubumba isihlabathi sensimbi ehlanganisiwe (ama-sandwich). I-sodium bicarbonate embonini yokunyathelisa nokudaya ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokulungisa umbala, i-acid-base buffer, kanye ne-ejenti yokwelapha yokudaya indwangu ekunyatheliseni kokudaya; ukufaka i-soda ekudayini kungavimbela i-gauze ku-gauze. Ukuvimbela.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kokucubungula ukudla
Ekucubungulweni kokudla, i-sodium bicarbonate iyi-ejenti ekhululekile esetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza amabhisikidi nesinkwa. Umbala uphuzi-nsundu. I-carbon dioxide esiphuzweni se-soda; ingahlanganiswa ne-alum ibe yi-alkaline powder ebilisiwe, noma ingakhiwa ngama-citromes njenge-civil stone alkali; kodwa futhi njenge-ejenti yokugcina ibhotela. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokufaka imibala yezithelo nemifino ekucubungulweni kwemifino. Ukwengeza cishe u-0.1% kuya ku-0.2% we-sodium bicarbonate lapho ukugeza izithelo nemifino kungenza kube luhlaza. Uma i-sodium bicarbonate isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwelapha izithelo nemifino, ingakhuphula inani le-pH lezithelo nemifino ngokupheka izithelo nemifino, okungakhuphula inani le-pH lezithelo nemifino, kuthuthukise ukubamba amanzi kweprotheni, kukhuthaze ukuthamba kwamaseli ezicubu zokudla, futhi kuncibilikise izingxenye ezibangela ukungezwani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomphumela kubisi lwembuzi, ngokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwa ku-0.001% ~ 0.002%.
4. Ezolimo kanye nokufuya izilwane
I-sodium bicarbonateingasetshenziswa ekucwiliseni kwezolimo, futhi ingaphinde ilungise ukuntuleka kokuqukethwe kwe-lysine ekudleni. I-sodium bicarbonate encibilikayo emanzini amancane noma ixubene ne-concentrate ukuze yondle inyama yenkomo (inani elifanele) ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwenyama yenkomo. Ingaphinde futhi ikhulise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo zobisi.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha
I-sodium bicarbonate ingasetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza yemithi, esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-asidi yesisu eningi kakhulu, ubuthi be-metabolic acid, futhi ingaphinde ibe nomchamo we-alkaline ukuvimbela amatshe e-uric acid. Ingaphinde inciphise ubuthi bezinso bemithi ye-sulfa, futhi ivimbele i-hemoglobin ukuthi ingangeni ku-renal tubular lapho i-hemolysis ishesha, futhi yelaphe izimpawu ezibangelwa i-asidi yesisu eningi kakhulu; umjovo we-intravenous awuqondile ubuthi bemithi. Umphumela wokwelashwa. Ikhanda elibuhlungu eliqhubekayo, ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, njll.
Inothi lokugcina kanye nokuthuthwa: I-Sodium bicarbonate ayiyona ingozi, kodwa kufanele ivinjelwe ekungcoleni. Gcina ethangini lokungenisa umoya elomile. Ungaxubani ne-asidi. I-baking soda edliwayo akumele ixutshwe nezinto ezinobuthi ukuvimbela ukungcola.
Ukupakisha: 25KG/Isikhwama
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2023