Uyazi nge-n-hexane?

Njenge-solvent engabizi kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi, i-n-hexane isetshenziswa kabanzi ekucubungulweni kwezimboni, ekukhiqizeni okulula, nasekucubungulweni kokudla ukuze kuhlanzwe, kukhishwe, kunamathele nakwezinye izinqubo. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda komphakathi nge-n-hexane kusalokhu kulinganiselwe futhi kudukisa. Abantu abaningi bayayeka ukuqapha ngoba nje ibizwa ngokuthi “inobuthi obuphansi”, kuyilapho empeleni iyimbangela efihliwe yobuthi obuvame ukusetshenziswa emsebenzini. Ukuze kusizwe umphakathi ugweme izingozi ngokwesayensi, lesi sihloko siphendula imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-n-hexane futhi sicacise imibono eyiphutha evamile.

Umbuzo 1: Kungani i-n-hexane iyinto eyingozi kakhulu empilweni yomsebenzi naphezu kokuba inobuthi obuphansi?

Ngokungafani namakhemikhali anobuthi obukhulu njenge-formaldehyde ne-benzene, i-n-hexane ayibangeli zimpawu zobuthi ezisobala ngemva kokuchayeka ngezikhathi ezithile noma ezincane, okuchaza ukuthi kungani izingozi zayo zivame ukunganakwa. Ngokwekhemikhali, i-n-hexane iwuketshezi olunobuthi obuphansi, olungenambala, olusobala olunephunga elincane kanye nokuguquguquka okuphezulu ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ingena emzimbeni womuntu ikakhulukazi ngokuphefumula kokuphefumula kanye nokuxhumana nesikhumba.

Isici sayo esiyingozi kakhuluubuthi obuqongelelekayoUmzimba womuntu uguqula i-n-hexane kancane; ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kokugxilisa okuncane kuholela ekuqongeleleni ubuthi okuqhubekayo kanye nomonakalo oqhubekayo ezinzwa ezingaphandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-n-hexane iyasha kakhulu. Umhwamuko wayo ungakha ingxube eqhumayo nomoya futhi ungabangela ukusha noma ukuqhuma lapho ivezwa emalangabini avulekile noma emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ngenxa yezingozi ezinobuthi nezivuthayo, ilawulwa ngokuqinile ekuphathweni kwezempilo emsebenzini.

Umbuzo 2: Itholakala kuphi i-n-hexane? Ingabe abantu abavamile kudingeka baqaphele?

I-N-hexane isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini zezimboni nezokudla, kanti abasebenzi abaphambili babhekene nezingozi zokuchayeka eziphezulu kakhulu. Ezimweni zezimboni, ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni nge-elekthronikhi, ekususeni amafutha ezingxenyeni zehadiwe, ekucubunguleni isikhumba, ekwenzeni izicathulo nasekunyatheliseni ukuze kususwe uwoyela, ekuxubeni iglue kanye nasekuxubeni uyinki.

Embonini yokudla, i-n-hexane yezinga lokudla isebenza njenge-ejenti yokukhipha amafutha emifino afana namafutha kasoya kanye namafutha e-rapeseed. Izinsalela zincishiswa ngezinqubo zokucwenga futhi zihambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zokuphepha zikazwelonke, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke kuphephe emphakathini. Abantu abavamile banokuchayeka okulinganiselwe kakhulu empilweni yansuku zonke futhi badinga kuphela ukugwema imikhiqizo yeglue engafanele kanye nezinsipho ezingafaneleki ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokweqile.

Umbuzo 3: Yiziphi izimpawu ezivamile zobuthi be-n-hexane nokuthi ungazihlukanisa kanjani nokukhathala okuvamile?

Ubuthi be-N-hexane buhlukaniswe phakathi kokungakhululeki kokuvezwa okubukhali kanye nobuthi obuhlala bukhona, kanti lokhu kwamuva kusakazeka kakhulu futhi kuyingozi. Ukuhogela isikhashana umhwamuko we-n-hexane ogcwele ukugcwala kungabangela isiyezi, isicanucanu, ukukhathala, ukozela kanye nokuqina kwesifuba. Lezi zimpawu zifana nokukhathala kokushisa noma ukukhathala futhi azinakwa kalula, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyaphela ngemva kokushiya indawo engcolisiwe.

Ubuthi obungapheli obubangelwa ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kungavikelekile bukhohlisa kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuqala zifaka phakathi izinzipho zeminwe ezindikindiki, ukuzwela okuncishisiwe kokuthinta kanye nemilenze ebuthakathaka, okuvame ukuphambaniswa nokukhathala okuvamile. Njengoba ubuthi buqoqana, iziguli zingase zibe nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo bemisipha, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile kanye nokusabalala kokungabi namandla. Amacala amakhulu athuthukisa i-peripheral neuritis, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kwemisipha kanye nokusebenza kahle kwemisipha. Ukulimala kwemizwa kunzima ukulungisa futhi kudinga isikhathi eside sokululama. Ukuthintana nesikhumba ngqo isikhathi eside nakho kulimaza isithiyo sesikhumba, okubangela ukoma, ukuqhekeka kanye ne-contact dermatitis.

Umbuzo 4: Izisebenzi ezisebenza phambili zingakuthola kanjani ukuvikelwa kwesayensi? Yiziphi izimiso eziyinhloko?

Izingozi ze-N-hexane zingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuvikelwa okujwayelekile, okugxila ekuphefumuleni, ekuvikeleni komuntu siqu kanye nokuphathwa kwezempilo. Okokuqala, izindawo zokusebenza kumele zigcine umoya ohlanzekile ophelele ngemishini yokukhipha umoya esebenza kahle ukuze kuncishiswe umhwamuko we-n-hexane oguquguqukayo futhi kuvinjelwe ukunqwabelana ngokweqile kokugxila.

Okwesibili, abasebenzi kumele bagqoke imaski yegesi, amagilavu ​​​​enjoloba amelana nezinyibilikisi kanye nezibuko zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ukuthintana ngqo kwesikhumba kanye nokuhogela umusi eduze akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Okwamanje, imithetho eqinile yokuphepha komlilo kumele iphoqelelwe; amalangabi avulekile kanye nokushisa okushisa okuphezulu akuvunyelwe ezindaweni zokusebenza ukuze kuqedwe izingozi ezivuthayo neziqhumayo. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa njalo kwempilo yomsebenzi kubalulekile kubasebenzi besikhathi eside ukuze kutholakale ukulimala kwemizwa kusenesikhathi futhi kuvunyelwe ukungenelela kanye nokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele.

Umbuzo 5: Yiziphi izinto ezivinjelwa kakhulu zokugcina i-n-hexane kanye nokulahla izinto eziphuthumayo?

Indawo yokugcina i-N-hexane kumele ihambisane nemithetho yamakhemikhali ayingozi. Kufanele ivalwe kahle futhi igcinwe endaweni yokugcina epholile, enomoya kude nemithombo yokushisa kanye namalangabi avulekile, kugwenywe ukuvezwa ekushiseni okuphezulu. Kumele igcinwe yodwa futhi ingalokothi ixutshwe nama-oxidants, ama-acid noma ama-alkali ukuvimbela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyingozi. Izitsha zepulasitiki nezerabha azivunyelwe, njengoba i-n-hexane ingazilimaza futhi ibangele ukuvuza.

Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo okujwayelekile kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukuvezwa ngengozi. Izindawo zokuthintana nesikhumba kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ngensipho namanzi agobhozayo. Ukuchayeka emehlweni kudinga ukuhlanza amanzi njalo kanye nokwelashwa okulandelayo. Abantu abahlushwa ukungakhululeki ekuphefumuleni kufanele bathuthelwe emoyeni omusha ngokushesha futhi bathole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma izimpawu zinzima. Izisulu zokugaya akufanele neze ziphoqelelwe ukuba zihlanze ukuze kuvinjelwe i-aspiration pneumonia futhi kumele zifune usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo. Ngamafuphi, izingozi ze-n-hexane zivela kakhulu ekusebenzeni okungekhona okujwayelekile. Ukwazi ulwazi lokuphepha nokulandela ngokuqinile imithetho yokuvikela kungagwema ngempumelelo izingozi ezifihliwe futhi kuqinisekise ukuphepha endaweni yokusebenza.