Ekuseni ngoDisemba 15, isikhathi seBeijing, i-Federal Reserve imenyezele ukukhulisa amanani enzalo ngamaphuzu angama-50, i-Federal Funds Rate Rates yavuka ku-4.25% - 450% Izinga le-Federal Funds lizoqoka ngamaphesenti angama-5.1 ngonyaka olandelayo, ngamanani alindelwe ukuthi awele kumaphesenti angama-4,1 ngasekupheleni kuka-2024 namaphesenti angama-3.1 ngasekupheleni kuka-2025.
I-Fed iphakamise amanani emalimboleko amahlandla ayisikhombisa kusukela ngo-2022, inani lamaphuzu angama-425, kanye nezinga lezimali zoFed manje zisekuphezulu kweminyaka engu-15. Izinga lokulinganisa eziyisithupha edlule lalingamaphuzu angama-25 ngoMashi 17, 2022; NgoMeyi 5, kwaphakamisa amanani ngamaphuzu angama-50; NgoJuni 16, kwaphakamisa amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75; NgoJulayi 28, kwaphakamisa amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75; NgoSepthemba 22, isikhathi saseBeijing, izinga lenzalo lenyuke ngamaphuzu angama-75. NgoNovemba 3 kuyaphakamisa amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75.
Kusukela ukuqubuka kwe-coronavirus yenoveli ngo-2020, amazwe amaningi, kufaka phakathi i-US, aphenduke "namanzi axegayo" ukubhekana nomthelela wobhubhane. Ngenxa yalokho, umnotho usuthuthukile, kepha ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhule. Amabhange amakhulu emhlabeni aphakamise amanani emalimboleko cishe izikhathi ezingama-275 kulo nyaka, futhi angaphezu kuka-50 enze isisekelo esisodwa esinolaka sama-75 ashukumisayo kulo nyaka, kwabanye ukulandela ukuhola okunolaka okuningi okunolaka.
Nge-RMB yehla cishe ngo-15%, ukungenisa kwamakhemikhali kuzoba nzima ngokwengeziwe
I-Federal Reserve yasebenzisa ithuba ledola njengemali yomhlaba futhi yaphakamisa amanani emalindli. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, inkomba yedola iye yaqhubeka nokuqinisa, ngenzuzo eqophelayo yango-19.4% ngesikhathi. Nge-US Federal Reserve eholayo ekuphakamiseni amanani emalikane, iningi lamazwe asathuthuka abhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu njengokuthi ukwehla kwezimali, ukuphuma kwemali okuvela kwemali kanye nezindleko zesevisi yezikweletu, futhi Ukuguquguquka kwezimakethe zezimpahla, futhi imakethe iya ngokuya inethemba ngethemba ngamathemba abo kwezomnotho.
Izinga lenzalo lase-US Dollar lenze ukubuya kwedola laseMelika, i-US Dollar iyakwazisa, ukwehla kwemali kwamanye amazwe, futhi i-RMB ngeke ibe ngaphandle kwemicabango. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-RMB ibhekene ne-RMB ebukhali, futhi i-RMB yehlile cishe ngo-15% lapho isilinganiso sokushintshana kwe-RMB lapho kunciphise idola lase-US.
Ngokusho kwesipiliyoni sangaphambilini, ngemuva kokwehla kwe-RMB, ama-petroleum kanye nezimboni ze-petrochemical, izinsimbi ezingezona izifebe, izindlu nezindawo kanye nezinye izimboni zizothola isigaxa sesikhashana. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ama-32% ezinhlobonhlobo zezwe asangenalutho futhi ama-52% asathembela ekungeniseni. Njengamakhemikhali aphezulu kagesi, izinto ezisebenza kakhulu ezisebenzayo, okuphezulu kwe-polyolefith, njll., Kunzima ukufeza izidingo zezomnotho kanye nempilo yabantu.
Ngo-2021, umthamo wokungenisa amakhemikhali ezweni lami udlule amathani ayizigidi ezingama-40, lapho ukuncika kokungenisa kwe-potanganum chloride kwakuphakeme njengama-57,5%, ukuncika kwangaphandle kwamakhemikhali okwedlula i-PX ne-methanol ukungenisa Amathani ayizigidi eziyi-10 ngo-2021.
Emkhakheni wokuhlanganisa, izinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe zikhethwa emikhiqizweni yaphesheya. Isibonelo, i-Disman embonini ye-epoxy resin, uMisubishi noSamayi eMkhakheni weSolvent; I-BASF, iphosta yezimbali yaseJapan embonini ye-Foam; I-Sika ne-visber embonini ye-ejenti yelapha; Dupont no-3m embonini ye-ejenti yezamanzi; Wak, ronia, dexian; UKomu, HunsMai, oCONOOS embonini yeTitanium Pink; IBayer noLangson embonini yezingulube.
Ukuncipha kwe-RMB kuzoholela ekutheni kukhuphuke ngokungezelela izindleko zezinto zamakhemikhali ezingenisiwe futhi kucindezele inzuzo yamabhizinisi ezimbonini eziningi. Ngasikhathi sinye njengoba izindleko zokungenisa zikhuphuka, ukungaqiniseki kobhubhane kuyanda, futhi kunzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola izinto eziphakeme zokungenisa ezweni okungeniswayo.
Amabhizinisi we-Export -type awathandeki kakhulu, futhi ancintisana kakhulu awaqinile
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwehla kwemali kulungele ukukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle, okuyizindaba ezinhle zezinkampani ezithumela ngaphandle. Izimpahla zithathwe ngamadola ase-US, njengamafutha nama-soya, "kuzokwenza" ukukhulisa "izindleko zokwanda kwezindleko zomhlaba wonke. Ngoba i-Dollar yaseMelika ibalulekile, kuzovela ama-imeyili ahambisanayo okuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe ashibhile futhi athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe azokwanda. Kepha eqinisweni, leligagasi lezinga lenzalo yomhlaba wonke liletha ukwehla kwezimali ezahlukahlukene.
Ngokusho kwezibalo ezingaphelele, izigaba ezingama-36 zemali emhlabeni ziye zehlile okungenani eyodwa -tenth, kanye ne-turken lira inciphisa ama-95%. Isihlangu seVietnam, Thai Baht, iPhilippine Peso, kanye Nezilo zaseKorea zifinyelele eziphansi ezintsha eminyakeni eminingi. Ukwazisa nge-RMB ngemali engenalo yedola, ukwehla kweRenminbi kuhlobene kuphela nedola laseMelika. Ngokombono we-yen, euro, namaphawundi aseBrithani, i-yuan isakwazisa ". Emazweni avezwa averient eSouth Korea naseJapan, ukwehla kwemali kusho izinzuzo zokuthumela ngaphandle, kanti ukwehla kweRenminbi ngokusobala akunakuncintisana ngalezi zimali, futhi izinzuzo ezitholakele azinasici.
Izazi zezomnotho ziveze ukuthi inkinga yamanje yokuqina kwemali yomhlaba wonke imelwe yinqubomgomo yokuhamba ngezinga le-Fed Fed. Umgomo wezezimali oqhubekayo oqhubekayo uzoba nomthelela we-spillover emhlabeni, enomthelela emnothweni womhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezomnotho ezithile ezisafufusa zinemiphumela ebhubhisayo efana nokuphuma kwezimali, izindleko zokungenisa ngaphakathi, kanye nokwehliswa kwemali yazo ezweni lakubo, futhi ziphoqe ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokuzenzakalelayo kwezikweletu eziphakeme ze-Adget. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, lolu hambo lwenzalo lungadala ukungenisa ekhaya kanye nokuthumela ngaphandle ukuze lucindezelwe emidlalweni emibili, futhi imboni yamakhemikhali izoba nomthelela ojulile. Ngokuqondene nokuthi kungakhululwa ngo-2023, kuzoncika ezenzweni ezijwayelekile zezomnotho eziningi emhlabeni, hhayi ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye.
Isikhathi sePosi: Dec-20-2022