Ekuseni kakhulu ngomhlaka-15 Disemba, ngesikhathi saseBeijing, iFederal Reserve yamemezela ukukhulisa amazinga enzalo ngamaphuzu angama-50 ayisisekelo, izinga lezinga lezimali zikahulumeni lakhushulwa laya ku-4.25% - 4.50%, okuphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngoJuni 2006. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Fed ibikezela ukuthi izinga lezimali zikahulumeni lizofinyelela ku-5.1% ngonyaka ozayo, kanti amazinga kulindeleke ukuthi ehle afike ku-4.1% ekupheleni kuka-2024 kanye no-3.1% ekupheleni kuka-2025.
I-Fed inyuse amazinga enzalo izikhathi eziyisikhombisa kusukela ngo-2022, inani lamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-425, kanti izinga lezimali ze-Fed manje seliphezulu eminyakeni eyi-15. Ukwenyuka kwamanani okuyisithupha kwangaphambilini bekungamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-25 ngoMashi 17, 2022; Ngomhlaka-5 Meyi, inyuse amazinga ngamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-50; Ngomhlaka-16 Juni, inyuse amazinga ngamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-75; Ngomhlaka-28 Julayi, inyuse amazinga ngamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-75; Ngomhlaka-22 Septhemba, ngesikhathi saseBeijing, izinga lenzalo lenyuke ngamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-75. Ngomhlaka-3 Novemba inyuse amazinga ngamaphuzu ayisisekelo angu-75.
Kusukela kwaqubuka i-coronavirus entsha ngo-2020, amazwe amaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-US, asebenzise “amanzi akhululekile” ukuze abhekane nomthelela wobhubhane. Ngenxa yalokho, umnotho uthuthukile, kodwa ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhuphuke kakhulu. Amabhange amakhulu omhlaba akhuphule amazinga enzalo cishe izikhathi ezingama-275 kulo nyaka, ngokusho kweBank of America, futhi angaphezu kwama-50 enze isinyathelo esisodwa esinamandla sama-75 basis point kulo nyaka, kanti amanye alandela ukuhola kwe-Fed ngokunyuka okuningana okukhulu.
Njengoba i-RMB yehla cishe ngo-15%, ukungeniswa kwamakhemikhali kuzoba nzima nakakhulu
I-Federal Reserve yasebenzisa idola njengemali yomhlaba wonke futhi yaphakamisa amazinga enzalo kakhulu. Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, inkomba yedola iqhubekile nokuqina, ngenzuzo ehlanganisiwe engu-19.4% phakathi naleso sikhathi. Njengoba i-US Federal Reserve ihola phambili ekuphakamiseni amazinga enzalo ngobudlova, inani elikhulu lamazwe asathuthuka libhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu njengokwehla kwenani lezimali zawo uma kuqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika, ukuphuma kwemali, izindleko zezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zezikweletu ezikhuphukayo, ukukhuphuka kwamandla emali angeniswa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokuguquguquka kwezimakethe zezimpahla, futhi imakethe iyaqhubeka nokuphelelwa yithemba ngamathuba ayo ezomnotho.
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo ledola laseMelika kwenze idola laseMelika labuya, idola laseMelika liyakhula, ukwehla kwenani lemali kwamanye amazwe, kanye ne-RMB ngeke kube yinto engavamile. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-RMB iye yehla kakhulu, kanti i-RMB yehla cishe ngo-15% lapho izinga lokushintshana le-RMB uma liqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika lehla.
Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, ngemva kokwehla kwe-RMB, izimboni zikaphethiloli kanye ne-petrochemical, izinsimbi ezingezona i-ferrous, izindlu kanye nezinye izimboni zizobhekana nokwehla kwesikhashana. Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ama-32% ezinhlobo zezwe asesengenalutho kanti ama-52% asathembele ekungenisweni kwamanye amazwe. Njengamakhemikhali kagesi aphezulu, izinto zokusebenza eziphezulu, i-polyolefin ephezulu, njll., kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomnotho kanye nendlela yokuphila yabantu.
Ngo-2021, inani lamakhemikhali angeniswayo ezweni lakithi ladlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-40, lapho ukuncika kwawo ekungenisweni kwe-potassium chloride kwakuphezulu njengo-57.5%, ukuncika kwangaphandle kwe-MMA kwadlula u-60%, kanti izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezifana nokungeniswa kwe-PX kanye ne-methanol kwadlula amathani ayizigidi ezingu-10 ngo-2021.
Emkhakheni wokumboza, izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa zikhethwa emikhiqizweni yaphesheya kwezilwandle. Isibonelo, iDisman embonini ye-epoxy resin, iMitsubishi neSanyi embonini ye-solvent; iBASF, iJapanese Flower Poster embonini ye-foam; iSika neVisber embonini ye-curing agent; iDuPont kanye ne-3M embonini ye-wetting agent; iWak, iRonia, iDexian; iKomu, iHunsmai, iConnoos embonini ye-titanium pink; iBayer neLangson embonini ye-pigment.
Ukwehla kwenani le-RMB kuzoholela ekwandeni kwezindleko zezinto zamakhemikhali ezingenisiwe futhi kunciphise inzuzo yamabhizinisi ezimbonini eziningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba izindleko zokungenisa zikhuphuka, ukungaqiniseki kobhubhane kuyanda, futhi kunzima nakakhulu ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu zokungenisa ezingenisiwe.
Amabhizinisi athumela kwamanye amazwe awazange abe nomthelela omkhulu, futhi ukuncintisana okulinganiselwe akunamandla
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwehla kwenani lemali kusiza ekukhuthazeni ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, okuyizindaba ezinhle ezinkampanini ezithumela kwamanye amazwe. Izimpahla ezibiza ngamadola aseMelika, njenge-oyili kanye nobhontshisi, "zizokwandisa" amanani, ngaleyo ndlela zikhulise izindleko zokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele. Ngenxa yokuthi idola laseMelika liyigugu, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuzobonakala kushibhile futhi umthamo wokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe uzokwanda. Kodwa empeleni, leli gagasi lokunyuka kwezinga lenzalo emhlabeni wonke nalo lilethe ukwehla kwenani lezinhlobo ezahlukene zemali.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, izigaba ezingu-36 zemali emhlabeni ziye zehla okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi, kanti i-Turkish lira yehla ngo-95%. I-Vietnamese Shield, i-Thai baht, i-Philippine Peso, kanye ne-Korean Monsters ziye zafinyelela ezingeni eliphansi eminyakeni eminingi. Ukwenyuka kwe-RMB emalini engeyona idola laseMelika, ukwehla kwe-renminbi kuhlobene kuphela nedola laseMelika. Ngokombono we-yen, i-euro, kanye nama-pound aseBrithani, i-yuan isalokhu "iwukwazisa". Emazweni agxile ekuthumeleni kwamanye amazwe njengeNingizimu Korea neJapan, ukwehla kwenani lemali kusho izinzuzo zokuthumela kwamanye amazwe, kanti ukwehla kwe-renminbi ngokusobala akuncintisani njengalezi zimali, futhi izinzuzo ezitholakalayo azibalulekile.
Izazi zezomnotho ziveze ukuthi inkinga yamanje yokuqinisa imali emhlabeni jikelele imelwe kakhulu yinqubomgomo yokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo okukhulu kwe-Fed. Ukuqhubeka kwenqubomgomo yezimali ye-Fed iqinisa kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni, kuthinte umnotho womhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, eminye iminotho esafufusa inemiphumela emibi njengokuphuma kwemali, izindleko zokungenisa ezikhuphukayo, kanye nokwehla kwenani lemali yayo ezweni lakubo, futhi kucindezele amathuba okuhluleka kwezikweletu ezinkulu kanye neminotho esafufusa enezikweletu eziningi. Ekupheleni kuka-2022, lokhu kwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo kungabangela ukuthi ukuhweba kwangaphakathi nokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kucindezelwe ngezindlela ezimbili, futhi imboni yamakhemikhali izoba nomthelela ojulile. Ngokuphathelene nokuthi ingaqedwa yini ngo-2023, kuzoncika ezenzweni ezivamile zeminotho eminingi emhlabeni, hhayi ekusebenzeni komuntu ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-20-2022