Ekuseni ngovivi ngoDisemba 15, ngesikhathi saseBeijing, iFederal Reserve yamemezela ukuthi izokhuphula inzalo ngamaphuzu angama-50, izinga lezimali likahulumeni likhushulelwe ku-4.25% - 4.50%, eliphakeme kakhulu kusukela ngoJuni 2006. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibikezelo ze-Fed izinga lezimali zikahulumeni lizofinyelela inani eliphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-5.1 ngonyaka ozayo, kanti amanani kulindeleke ukuthi ehle afinyelele kumaphesenti angu-4.1 ekupheleni kuka-2024 kanye namaphesenti angu-3.1 ekupheleni kuka-2025.
I-Fed inyuse inzalo izikhathi eziyisikhombisa kusukela ngo-2022, ingqikithi yamaphuzu angu-425, futhi izinga lezimali ze-Fed manje selingaphezu kweminyaka engu-15.Ukwenyuka kwezinga okuyisithupha kwangaphambilini bekungamaphoyinti angu-25 ngoMashi 17, 2022;NgoMeyi 5, inyuse amanani ngamaphuzu angama-50;NgoJuni 16, inyuse amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75;NgoJulayi 28, inyuse amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75;Ngomhla zingama-22 kuSepthemba, isikhathi sase-Beijing, izinga lenzalo lenyuke ngamaphoyinti angama-75.Ngomhla zi-3 kuLwezi inyuse amanani ngamaphuzu angama-75.
Selokhu kwaqubuka i-coronavirus yenoveli ngo-2020, amazwe amaningi, kubandakanya ne-US, aphendukele “kumanzi axegayo” ukuze abhekane nomthelela walolu bhubhane.Ngenxa yalokho, umnotho uye waba ngcono, kodwa ukwehla kwamandla emali kuye kwanda.Amabhange amakhulu omhlaba anyuse inzalo izikhathi ezingaba ngu-275 kulo nyaka, ngokusho kweBhange laseMelika, futhi angaphezu kuka-50 athathe isinyathelo esisodwa esinolaka esingama-75 kulo nyaka, kanti amanye alandela ukuhola kwe-Fed ngokuqwala izintaba eziningi ezinolaka.
Njengoba i-RMB yehla cishe ngo-15%, ukungenisa kwamakhemikhali kuzoba nzima nakakhulu
I-Federal Reserve yasebenzisa idola njengemali yomhlaba futhi yakhuphula izinga lenzalo kakhulu.Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-2022, inkomba yedola iqhubekile nokuqina, ngenzuzo ehlanganisiwe ye-19.4% phakathi naleso sikhathi.Njengoba i-US Federal Reserve ihamba phambili ekukhuphuleni inzalo ngamandla, inani elikhulu lamazwe asathuthuka libhekene nengcindezi enkulu njengokwehla kwezimali zawo uma liqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika, ukuphuma kwemali enkulu, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zezimali kanye nesevisi yezikweletu, ukwehla kwamandla emali kwamanye amazwe, kanye ukuntengantenga kwezimakethe zezimpahla, futhi imakethe iya ngokuya ingenathemba ngamathemba azo ezomnotho.
Ukwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo yedola laseMelika kwenze idola laseMelika labuya, idola laseMelika labonga, ukwehla kwenani lemali kwamanye amazwe, futhi i-RMB ngeke ihluke.Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, i-RMB yehle kakhulu, futhi i-RMB yehla cishe ngo-15% lapho izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-RMB nedola laseMelika selinciphile.
Ngokusho kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphambilini, ngemva kokwehla kwenani le-RMB, izimboni ze-petroleum ne-petrochemical, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi, izindlu ezithengiswayo nezinye izimboni zizobhekana nokwehla kwesikhashana.Ngokusho koMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, u-32% wezinhlobo zezinhlobo zakuleli azikabhalwa lutho kanti u-52% usathembele ekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe.Njengamakhemikhali e-elekthronikhi asezingeni eliphezulu, izinto zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu, i-polyolefin ephezulu, njll., kunzima ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zomnotho kanye nokuziphilisa kwabantu.
Ngo-2021, umthamo wamakhemikhali ongenisiwe ezweni lami weqa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-40, lapho ukuncika kwe-potassium chloride kwamanye amazwe kwafinyelela ku-57.5%, ukuncika kwangaphandle kwe-MMA okungaphezu kwama-60%, kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali ezifana ne-PX kanye nokuthengwa kwe-methanol kwamanye amazwe. 10 million amathani ngo-2021.
Emkhakheni wokugqoka, izinto eziningi zokusetshenziswa zikhethwa emikhiqizweni yaphesheya.Isibonelo, i-Disman embonini ye-epoxy resin, i-Mitsubishi ne-Sanyi embonini ye-solvent;I-BASF, Iphosta Yezimbali YaseJapane embonini yegwebu;USika noVisber embonini ye-ejenti yokwelapha;I-DuPont kanye ne-3M embonini ye-ejenti yokumanzisa;Wak, Ronia, Dexian;Komu, Hunsmai, Connoos embonini pink titanium;U-Bayer noLangson embonini ye-pigment.
Ukwehla kwenani le-RMB kuzoholela nakanjani ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zezinto zamakhemikhali ezingeniswa kwamanye amazwe futhi kucindezele inzuzo yamabhizinisi ezimbonini eziningi.Ngesikhathi esifanayo njengoba izindleko zokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe zikhuphuka, ukungaqiniseki kwalolu bhubhane kuyanda, futhi kunzima nakakhulu ukuthola izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zempahla ephuma kwamanye amazwe.
Amabhizinisi ohlobo lokuthekelisa awazange avuneke kakhulu, futhi anokuncintisana ngokuqhathaniswa awanamandla
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukwehla kwamandla emali kukhuthaza ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, okuyizindaba ezinhle ezinkampanini ezithumela ngaphandle.Izimpahla ezinenani lamadola aseMelika, njengowoyela nobhontshisi wesoya, "zizokwenyusa kancane" amanani, ngaleyo ndlela zenyuse izindleko zokukhiqiza emhlabeni jikelele.Ngenxa yokuthi idola laseMelika libalulekile, izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezihambisanayo zizobonakala ishibhile futhi umthamo wokuthekelisa uzokwenyuka.Kodwa empeleni, leli gagasi lokwenyuka kwezinga lenzalo emhlabeni liphinde laletha ukwehla kwezinhlobo zemali ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, izigaba ezingama-36 zemali emhlabeni zehle okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi, kanti i-lira yaseTurkey yehla ngo-95%.I-Vietnamese Shield, i-Thai baht, i-Philippine Peso, ne-Korean Monsters zifinyelele ukwehla okusha eminyakeni eminingi.Inani le-RMB emalini okungelona idola laseMelika, ukwehla kwenani le-renminbi kuhlobene nedola laseMelika kuphela.Ngokombono we-yen, i-euro, namapondo aseBrithani, i-yuan "isengukwazisa".Emazweni agxile ekuthekeliseni njenge-South Korea ne-Japan, ukwehla kohlobo lwemali kusho izinzuzo zokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, futhi ukwehla kwenani le-renminbi ngokusobala akuncintisani njengalezi zinhlobo zemali, futhi izinzuzo ezitholiwe azikho ezinkulu.
Osomnotho baveze ukuthi inkinga yamanje yokuqinisa imali emhlabeni jikelele imelelwa ikakhulukazi yinqubomgomo ye-Fed yokunyusa inzalo.Ukuqhubeka nokuqinisa inqubomgomo yezimali ye-Fed kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni, kube nomthelela emnothweni womhlaba.Ngenxa yalokhu, amanye amazwe asafufusa ezomnotho anemiphumela elimazayo njengokuphuma kwezimali, ukukhuphuka kwezindleko zokuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwehla kwenani lemali yawo ezweni lawo, futhi kuqhubekisele phambili amathuba okuba nokwenzeka kokungakhokhi izikweletu ezinkulu ngezikweletu eziphezulu nezomnotho ezisafufusa.Ekupheleni kuka-2022, lokhu kukhushulwa kwezinga lenzalo kungase kubangele ukuhwebelana kwasekhaya nokuthengiswa kwamanye amazwe kucindezelwe ngezindlela ezimbili, futhi imboni yamakhemikhali izoba nomthelela ojulile.Mayelana nokuthi ingakhululeka yini ngo-2023, kuzoncika ezenzweni ezivamile zeminotho eminingi emhlabeni, hhayi ukusebenza komuntu ngamunye.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-20-2022