Ekukhiqizweni kwamakhemikhali, ekukhiqizweni kwemithi kanye nasekucutshungulweni kwezimboni okuvamile, kukhona into yamakhemikhali engabonakali kodwa eguquguqukayo kakhulu - i-dichloromethane. Iwuketshezi olucacile, olusobala olungenalo iphunga elinamandla elinobuhlungu futhi ivame ukubhekwa njengesinyibilikisi esiphephile, kodwa igcina izingozi zokuphepha ezifihliwe. Eyaziwa ngokuthi “isinyibilikisi sezimboni esijwayelekile”, i-dichloromethane isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi, kuyilapho abantu abaningi bengazi okuncane ngezakhiwo zayo, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuqonda okuphelele ngale khemikhali evamile yezimboni.
I-Dichloromethane, enefomula yama-molecule i-CH₂Cl₂ futhi eyaziwa nangokuthi i-methylene chloride, iyinhlanganisela ye-organic e-halogenated yakudala. Emazingeni okushisa egumbi, iwuketshezi olungenambala nolusobala olunephunga elithambile elinjenge-ether. Inezinga eliphansi lokubila elingu-39.8℃ kuphela, okwenza iguquke kakhulu. Njengoba incibilika kancane emanzini, ixubana nezinyibilikisi eziningi ze-organic ezifana ne-ethanol ne-ether. Ngokungafani nezinyibilikisi eziningi ze-organic, i-dichloromethane ayishisi ngobubanzi obuncane bokuqhuma, inezokuphepha okuphezulu kakhulu kunezinyibilikisi ezivuthayo njenge-ether ne-petroleum ether. Lesi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ithathe indawo yezinyibilikisi ezivuthayo ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi. Okwamanje, inezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezizinzile futhi ayiboli kahle ekushiseni kwegumbi. Isabela kuphela lapho ikhanya, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ithintana nezinsimbi ze-alkali, okuholela ezidingweni zokugcina nokusetshenziswa okulula.
Izuza emandleni ayo amahle okuncibilikisa kanye nezakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezizinzile, i-dichloromethane inezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokusetshenziswa. Embonini yezemithi, isebenza njengesithako esiyinhloko sokukhipha ama-antibiotic, amavithamini kanye neminye imithi, engahlukanisa futhi ihlanze izithako ezisebenzayo ngokunembile ukuqinisekisa ubumsulwa bemithi. Embonini yamakhemikhali nezinto zokwakha, ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuncibilikisa nokucubungula ama-resin, amapulasitiki kanye nerabha, futhi isebenza njenge-ejenti ye-foam ye-polyurethane, isekela ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokushisa ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njenge-ejenti yokuhlanza embonini ye-elekthronikhi ukuze isuse ngempumelelo amabala kawoyela kanye nokungcola ezingxenyeni ze-elekthronikhi ezinembile. Empilweni yansuku zonke, ingatholakala kuma-removers okupenda, ama-aerosol spray kanye ne-leather cleaner, okwenza kube yinto eluhlaza eyisisekelo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni kwezimboni.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kabanzi, i-dichloromethane ayiyona ingozi nhlobo, futhi izingozi zayo zempilo ezingaba khona azinakwa. Inemiphumela yokubulala izinzwa emnene kanye nokucasula, futhi umzimba womuntu uvezwa kakhulu kuyo ngokuphefumula nokuxhumana nesikhumba. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside ekugxilweni okuphansi kungabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, ukukhathala, isicanucanu kanye nokunye ukungakhululeki, kucasule ulwelwesi lwama-mucous emehlweni, emakhaleni nasemphefumulweni, futhi kuholele emphinjeni owomile nobuhlungu, ukukhwehlela kanye nesikhumba esomile esixebukayo. Ukuchayeka isikhathi esifushane ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwe-dichloromethane kungavimbela ngokushesha uhlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi, kubangele ukozela nokudideka, futhi kungabangela ngisho nokukhubazeka kokuphefumula ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Okushaqisayo nakakhulu ukuthi i-dichloromethane iguqulwa ibe izinto ezinobuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kakhulu kungalimaza isibindi nezinso, futhi kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kunezingozi ezingaba umdlavuza, okubangela umonakalo oqhubekayo ezithweni zomuntu.
Ngaphezu kokulimaza impilo yabantu, i-dichloromethane ibeka nezingozi zemvelo. Ngemva kokuguquka iye emkhathini, kunzima ukuwohloka ngokwemvelo, futhi ukuqongelela kwayo ngokweqile kuzokhulisa ukungcola komoya. Ukukhishwa okungahleliwe emanzini nasenhlabathini kuzolimaza imvelo futhi kubeke engozini ukusinda kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igqwala imikhiqizo yepulasitiki neyerabha evamile, ngakho-ke kudingeka izitsha ezikhethekile ze-galvanized ukuze zigcinwe futhi zithuthwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuza okubangelwa umonakalo wezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuvikelwa okujwayelekile kuyisihluthulelo sokugwema izingozi ezimweni zansuku zonke nezezimboni. Imisebenzi yezimboni idinga ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezivaliwe ezinomoya wokungenisa umoya wendawo ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcwala komoya wento. Izifihla-buso zegesi ziyadingeka ezindaweni ezigcwele kakhulu, futhi imishini yokuphefumula equkethe umzimba iyadingeka ukuze kusizwe abantu abaphuthumayo. Abasebenzi kufanele bagqoke izingubo zomsebenzi ezingangenisi amanzi, amagilavu nezibuko zokuzivikela, futhi ukudla, ukuphuza nokubhema akuvunyelwe endaweni yokuhlinzwa. Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana nesikhumba, hlanza ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile; funa ukwelashwa ngokushesha uma uketshezi lungena emehlweni noma kwenzeka ukuphefumula ngokweqile. Umphakathi jikelele akudingeki wesabe. Imikhiqizo ejwayelekile efanelekile iqukethe amazinga ahambisanayo e-dichloromethane futhi iphephile ukusetshenziswa okuvamile, inesixazululo sesitokwe sezimboni kuphela esidinga ukugwenywa.
Ekuphetheni, i-dichloromethane iyinkemba esika nhlangothi zombili embonini. Ngezakhiwo zayo ezizinzile nezisebenzayo, isibe yinto ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, kuyilapho iza nezingozi zokuphepha ezingokwemvelo. Ukuqonda izici zayo nezingozi zayo nokulandela izincazelo zokusetshenziswa kwayo kungakhulisa inani layo lezimboni ngenkathi kunciphisa ukulimala okungenzeka. Ukubhekana nezinzuzo nokungalungi kwezinto zamakhemikhali ngokunengqondo nokuzisebenzisa ngokwesayensi kuyimbangela eyinhloko yentuthuko ephephile yemboni yamakhemikhali yanamuhla.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-31-2026